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HomeOperation and MaintenanceLinux Operation and Maintenance12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind


The Linux command line provides a simpler, easier, and cross-version method to complete common tasks than the graphical interface. Today we share with you 12 Linux terminal commands that will shock you.


1. Useful command line shortcuts
The following shortcut keys are useful and can save you time:


  • ##CTRL U: Delete text from the cursor Until the beginning of the line.

  • CTRL K: Delete text from the cursor to the end of the line.

  • CTRL Y: Paste text.

  • CTRL E: Move the cursor to the end of the line.

  • CTRL A: Move the cursor to the beginning of the line.

  • ALT F: The cursor moves to the next word

  • ALT B: The cursor moves to the previous word A word

  • ALT Backspace: Deletes the previous word.

  • CTRL W: Cut Cut the character before the cursor to the previous space.

  • Shift Insert: Pastes text into the terminal.

In order to illustrate that the above command is helpful to us, let’s look at an example:

sudo apt-get intall vlc

In this command There is a typo and in order for the command to work, intall needs to be changed for installation.

Imagine that the cursor is at the end of the line. There are several ways to get back to the word "install" to make changes.

You can press ALT B twice, which will place the cursor at the following location (indicated by the ^ symbol):

sudo apt-get^install vlc

Then, press the cursor keys and insert s into install.

另一个有用的命令是Shift + Insert,尤其是在需要将文本从浏览器复制到终端的情况下。

2、SUDO !!

每当您输入一个命令,并且出现权限不够的时候,您都会感谢有这个命令。

怎么使用sudo !!呢?假设您输入了以下命令:

apt-get install vlc

除非您以root权限登录,否则将出现权限不够提示。

sudo !!以sudo的形式运行前面的命令。因此,前面的命令现在变成:

sudo apt-get install vlc

如图:

12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind

3、暂停命令并在后台运行命令

要在后台运行终端命令,请按:

CTRL+Z:暂停应用程序

fg:返回到应用程序

假设你在nano中打开了一个文件,如下所示:

sudo nano www.linuxidc.com.py

在文件中键入文本的过程中,您意识到希望在终端中键入另一个命令,但是您不能这样做,因为您在前台模式下打开了nano。

现在当您按下CTRL+Z时,前台应用程序将暂停,将返回到命令行。然后,您可以运行任何您喜欢的命令,完成后,再通过在终端窗口中输入fg并按回车键回到您之前暂停的会话。

如图:


12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind


4. Run Linux commands at a specific time

通过Linux终端使用at命令调度任务,假设您要在特定的时间点运行同一命令。
使用at命令可以做到这一点。at使用方法如下。
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ at 11:30 PM Fri
warning: commands 
will be executed using /bin/sh
at> cowsay 'hello,www.linuxidc.com'
at> CTRL+D
上面的命令在在星期五晚上晚上11:30运行程序Cowsay。
语法后面是运行日期和时间。
当出现at>提示符时,输入要在指定时间运行的命令。
CTRL + D键盘快捷键使您返回到光标。
日期和时间格式很多。
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
5、man手册页
man手册页概述了命令的功能以及每个命令可以使用的开关。
手册页本身有点乏味。但是,您可以做一些事情来使您对man的使用更具吸引力。
export PAGER=most
你需要安装 ‘most’;会使你的man手册的更加丰富多彩。
您可以使用以下命令将手册页的宽度限制为一定数量的列:
export MANWIDTH=80
如果有可用的浏览器,则可以使用-H开关在默认浏览器中打开任何手册页,如下所示:
man -H <command>
请注意,这仅在$BROWSER环境变量中设置了默认浏览器时才有效。
在公众号程序员小乐后台回复“offer”,获取一份算法面试题和答案惊喜礼包。
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
6、使用htop查看和管理进程
你用哪个命令找出电脑上正在运行的进程的呢?通常是使用‘ps’命令并在其后加不同的参数来得到你所想要的不同输出。不过我建议你安装htop吧。
htop提供了终端中所有正在运行的进程的列表,非常类似于Windows中的文件管理器。
您可以混合使用功能键来更改排序顺序和显示的列。您也可以从htop中终止进程。
要运行htop,请在终端窗口中键入以下内容:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ htop

12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind


7、使用命令行ranger文件管理器
如果htop可用于控制通过命令行运行的进程,则Ranger可用于使用命令行浏览文件系统。
您可能需要安装ranger才能使用它,但是一旦安装,就可以通过在终端中键入以下命令来运行它:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ ranger
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
ranger命令行文件管理器将与其他任何文件管理器一样,但是相比上下结构布局,她是左右结构的,这意味着你按左方向键你将前进到上一个文件夹,而右方向键则会切换到下一个。
值得在使用Ranger之前请阅读阅读man手册页,这样你就可以用快捷键操作ranger了。
8、取消Linux关机命令
无论是在命令行还是图形用户界面关机后,才发现自己不是真的想要关机。都使用以下命令中止计划的关机:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ shutdown -c
如果关闭已开始,则停止关闭可能为时已晚。
也可以尝试的另一个命令,如下:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ pkill shutdown
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
9、杀死挂起进程的简单方法
假设您正在运行一个应用程序,并且由于某种原因它挂起了。您可以使用ps -ef查找进程,然后终止该进程,也可以使用htop。
不过我告诉你有一个更快,更简单的命令叫做xkill。
在终端中键入以下内容,然后单击要终止的应用程序窗口。
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ XKill
如果整个系统挂起了怎么办?
按下键盘上的Alt + SysRq键(一般笔记本电脑上的sysrq键全拼为PRINT SCREEN SYSRQ,是Print Screen(屏幕截图键)与SysRq的组合键),
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
并在按住键的同时缓慢键入以下字母:
REISUB
此技术无需使用电源按钮即可重新启动计算机。
10、蒸汽机车
这个没什么用,只是有点有趣。
使用以下命令在终端窗口中绘制蒸汽火车:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ sl
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
11、Linux幸运甜饼,告诉你的运气
另一个不是特别有用,只是有点有趣的命令是fortune命令。
像sl命令一样,您可能需要先从存储库中安装它。
然后输入以下内容告知您的命运:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ fortune
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
12、让奶牛告诉你的命运
最后,使用Cowsay让奶牛告诉您的幸运指数。
在终端中输入以下内容:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ fortune | cowsay
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
如果您有图形桌面,则可以使用xcowsay来获得一只卡通奶牛来显示您的命运:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ fortune | xcowsay
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind
cowsay和xcowsay显示任何消息。例如,要显示“hello world,www.linuxidc.com”,请使用以下命令:
[linuxidc@linux:~/www.linuxidc.com]$ cowsay "hello world,Linux公社 
www.linuxidc.com"
12 Linux terminal commands that will blow your mind


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