How to use Linux for file system performance tuning

How to use Linux for file system performance tuning

Introduction:
The file system is a very critical part of the operating system, which is responsible for managing and storing file data. In Linux systems, there are many file systems to choose from, such as ext4, XFS, Btrfs, etc. For better performance and efficiency, it is crucial to tune the file system. This article will introduce how to use Linux for file system performance tuning and give corresponding code examples.

1. Choose the appropriate file system:
Different file systems have different adaptability to different workloads. When selecting a file system, you need to consider factors such as the read-write ratio of the workload and data security requirements.

1. ext4: Suitable for general scenarios, with good stability and performance.
2. XFS: Suitable for large file storage and high concurrent access, suitable for high-performance servers.
3. Btrfs: Suitable for storage and management of large-scale data, supporting advanced features such as snapshots and compression.

2. Adjust the file system parameters:
The file system parameters in the Linux system can be optimized by adjusting the kernel parameters. Commonly used parameters include:

1. File system mount options (mount options): can be set by modifying the /etc/fstab file.

   • noatime: Disable files from updating access timestamps when accessed, which can reduce disk I/O operations.
   • nodiratime: Disable access timestamp updates for files on a folder.
   • relatime: Automatically update the timestamp of the file when it is accessed, but only update it after the last access time exceeds the last modification time, reducing disk I/O operations.

2. Disk scheduling algorithm (I/O Scheduler): It can be set through the /sys/block/{device}/queue/scheduler file.

   • deadline: Suitable for desktop environments, ensuring real-time response to read and write requests.
   • noop: Suitable for high-load server environments, processing I/O requests in sequence.

Code example:

1. Modify the /etc/fstab file:

   UUID=<uuid> /mnt ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0

2. Modify the disk scheduling algorithm:

   echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

3. Set the file system cache:
Linux system uses page cache by default to improve file system performance. The pre-read data block size can be set by modifying the /sys/block/{device}/queue/read_ahead_kb file to adapt to different workloads.

Code example:

echo 2048 > /sys/block/sda/queue/read_ahead_kb

4. Enable TRIM support:
For file systems using solid state drives (SSD), enabling TRIM support can improve the performance and life of the file system. TRIM can be turned on by modifying the /etc/fstab file.

Code example:

UUID=<uuid> /mnt ext4 defaults,noatime,discard 0 0

5. Use Lazy Write:
Let the file system cache as many write requests as possible, reduce write operations to the storage device, and improve performance .

Code example:

echo 1000 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
echo 1000 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs

6. Optimize disk scheduling:
For high-load server environments, performance can be improved by adjusting the disk scheduling algorithm.

Code example:

echo 1024 > /sys/block/sda/queue/nr_requests

Conclusion:
By selecting the appropriate file system, adjusting file system parameters, setting up the file system cache, enabling TRIM support, using delayed writes and optimizing disk scheduling, etc. This method can effectively improve the file system performance of Linux systems. When tuning the file system, it needs to be configured according to specific scenarios and fully tested to verify the performance improvement effect.

References:

1. https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/filesystems/filesystems.html
2. https://wiki .archlinux.org/index.php/Solid_state_drive#Filesystem_mount_options
3. https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/block/index.html

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