介绍
观察者模式定义对象的一对多依赖,这样一来,当一个对象改变状态时,它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新!
设计原则
在观察者模式中,会改变的是主题的状态以及观察者的数目。用这个模式,你可以改变依赖于主题状态的对象,却不必改变主题。——找出程序中会变化的方面,然后将其和固定不变的方面相分离!
主题和观察者都使用接口:观察者利用主题的接口向主题注册,而主题利用观察者接口通知观察者。这样可以让两者之间运作正常,又同时具有松耦合的优点! ——针对接口编程,不针对实现编程!
。
观察者模式利用“组合”将许多观察者组合进主题中。对象(观察者——主题)之间的这种关系不是通过继承产生的,而是在运行时利用组合的方式产生的。 ——多用组合,少用继承!
代码
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* 观察者模式
* @author: Mac
* @date: 2012/02/22
*/
class Paper{ /* 主题 */
private $_observers = array();
public function register($sub){ /* 注册观察者 */
$this->_observers[] = $sub;
}
public function trigger(){ /* 外部统一访问 */
if(!empty($this->_observers)){
foreach($this->_observers as $observer){
$observer->update();
}
}
}
}
/**
* 观察者要实现的接口
*/
interface Observerable{
public function update();
}
class Subscriber implements Observerable{
public function update(){
echo "Callback\n";
}
}
//下面是测试代码
?
/* 测试 */
$paper = new Paper();
$paper->register(new Subscriber());
//$paper->register(new Subscriber1());
//$paper->register(new Subscriber2());
$paper->trigger();
总结
当新对象要填入的时候,只需要在主题(又叫可观察者)中进行注册(注册方式很多,你也可以在构造的时候,或者框架访问的接口中进行注册),然后实现代码直接在新对象的接口中进行。这降低了主题对象和观察者对象的耦合度。
好的设计模式不会直接进入你的代码中,而是进入你的大脑中。

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