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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP类的静态(static)方法和静态(static)变量使用介绍_PHP

在php中,访问类的方法/变量有两种方法:
1. 创建对象$object = new Class(),然后使用”->”调用:$object->attribute/function,前提是该变量/方法可访问。
2. 直接调用类方法/变量:class::attribute/function,无论是静态/非静态都可以。但是有前提条件:
A. 如果是变量,需要该变量可访问。
B. 如果是方法,除了该方法可访问外,还需要满足:
b1) 如果是静态方法,没有特殊条件;
b2) 如果是非静态方法,需要改方法中没有使用$this,即没有调用非静态的变量/方法,当然,调用静态的变量/方法没有问题。

然后我们再看一下使用$object->… 和使用class::… 都有什么区别:
1. 使用$object->… ,需要执行构造函数创建对象;
2. 使用class::… 调用静态方法/变量,不需要执行构造函数创建对象;
3. 使用class::… 调用非静态方法/变量,也不需要执行构造函数创建对象。

然后奇怪的地方就出来了,既然2和3都一样,那静态方法/变量存在还有什么意义呢?
差异还是显然存在的,如下:
1. 静态变量
静态成员只保留一个变量值,而这个变量值对所有的实例都是有效,也就是说,所有的实例共享这个成员。
2. 静态方法
静态方法可以直接使用class::… 来调用,而非静态方法需要满足一定限制条件才能使用class::.. 的方法调用,如之前所述

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