How to use the os module to create and delete directories in Python 3.x

How to use the os module to create and delete directories in Python 3.x

In Python programming, we often need to deal with files and directories. The os module is a useful standard library in Python that provides many functions for operating files and directories. Among them, creating and deleting directories are two basic operations. This article will teach you how to use the os module to implement these functions.

1. Create a directory

In Python, use the mkdir() function of the os module to create a new directory. The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to use the os module to create a new directory named "testdir":

import os

# 定义要创建的目录路径
dir_path = r"C:UsersusernameDesktop    estdir"

# 使用mkdir()函数创建目录
os.mkdir(dir_path)

print("目录已创建")

In the above code, first we need to specify a path to store the new directory, here we use Here are examples of paths in Windows systems. Then we called the mkdir() function of the os module to create the directory, and the parameter passed in was the directory path we defined. Finally, we print out a message confirming that the directory has been successfully created.

It should be noted that the os.mkdir() function can only create a single-layer directory. If you want to create multiple levels of directories, you can use the os.makedirs() function. The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to create a directory named "parentdirchilddir":

import os

# 定义要创建的目录路径
dir_path = r"C:UsersusernameDesktopparentdirchilddir"

# 使用makedirs()函数创建多层目录
os.makedirs(dir_path)

print("目录已创建")

In the above code, we use the os.makedirs() function to create a multi-level directory. The parameter dir_path defines the directory path we want to create. It should be noted that if the directory already exists, the os.makedirs() function will throw an OSError exception.

2. Delete a directory

In Python, use the rmdir() function of the os module to delete a directory. The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to use the os module to delete a directory named "testdir":

import os

# 定义要删除的目录路径
dir_path = r"C:UsersusernameDesktop    estdir"

# 使用rmdir()函数删除目录
os.rmdir(dir_path)

print("目录已删除")

In the above code, we also need to specify a path to specify the directory to be deleted. Then we called the rmdir() function of the os module, and the parameter passed in was the directory path. Finally, we print out a message confirming that the directory has been successfully deleted.

It should be noted that the os.rmdir() function can only delete empty directories. If you want to delete non-empty directories, you can use the shutil library of the os module. The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to delete a non-empty directory named "parentdir":

import os
import shutil

# 定义要删除的目录路径
dir_path = r"C:UsersusernameDesktopparentdir"

# 使用shutil.rmtree()函数删除非空目录
shutil.rmtree(dir_path)

print("目录已删除")

In the above code, we introduced the shutil library of the os module and used shutil.rmtree() Function deletes non-empty directories. The parameter dir_path defines the directory path we want to delete.

To sum up, using the os module can easily create and delete directories. Whether it is the creation of a single-layer directory or a multi-layer directory, as well as the deletion of an empty directory or a non-empty directory, it can be achieved through the corresponding functions of the os module. These operations can help us better manage files and directories and make our code more standardized and efficient.

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