How to use the ftplib module for FTP client programming in Python 2.x

How to use the ftplib module for FTP client programming in Python 2.x

In Python, we can use the ftplib module to create an FTP client to facilitate interaction with the remote FTP server. Through this module, we can implement functions such as uploading files, downloading files, and deleting files. This article will introduce in detail how to use the ftplib module for FTP client programming, with code examples.

First, we need to introduce the ftplib module:

from ftplib import FTP

Then, we can use the FTP class to create an FTP object and connect to the remote server:

ftp = FTP()
ftp.connect('ftp.example.com', 21)

Where, ' ftp.example.com' is the hostname of the target server, and 21 is the default port number of the FTP server.

Next, we need to log in to the FTP server. If you need login permission, you can use the login() method for authentication:

ftp.login('username', 'password')

where 'username' is the username and 'password' is the password. If authentication is not required, you can use anonymous login:

ftp.login()

After successful login, we can start FTP operations. The following are some commonly used FTP operations:

1. Uploading files

   with open('example.txt', 'rb') as file:
    ftp.storbinary('STOR example.txt', file)

   Among them, 'example.txt' is the path to the local file, and 'STOR example.txt' is the path to the local file. The path to upload to the server.

2. Download file

   with open('example.txt', 'wb') as file:
    ftp.retrbinary('RETR example.txt', file.write)

   Among them, 'example.txt' is the path of the file to be downloaded on the server, and 'file.write' means writing the file content to a local file.

3. Delete files

   ftp.delete('example.txt')

   Where, 'example.txt' is the path of the file to be deleted on the server.

4. Create directory

   ftp.mkd('new_directory')

   Where, 'new_directory' is the name of the directory to be created.

5. Switch directory

   ftp.cwd('directory')

   Where, 'directory' is the name of the directory to be switched to.

6. List directory contents

   print ftp.nlst()

   This method will return a list of files and folders in the directory.

After completing the FTP operation, we can use the quit() method to close the FTP connection:

ftp.quit()

The following is a complete FTP client programming example:

from ftplib import FTP

def ftp_client():
    ftp = FTP()
    ftp.connect('ftp.example.com', 21)
    ftp.login('username', 'password')
    
    # 上传文件
    with open('example.txt', 'rb') as file:
        ftp.storbinary('STOR example.txt', file)
    
    # 下载文件
    with open('example.txt', 'wb') as file:
        ftp.retrbinary('RETR example.txt', file.write)
    
    # 删除文件
    ftp.delete('example.txt')
    
    # 创建目录
    ftp.mkd('new_directory')
    
    # 切换目录
    ftp.cwd('directory')
    
    # 列出目录内容
    print ftp.nlst()
    
    ftp.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ftp_client()

With the above code example, we can use the ftplib module for FTP client programming in Python 2.x. According to actual needs, we can flexibly use the above FTP operation methods to achieve the required FTP functions.

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