How to use the socket module to create clients and servers in Python 3.x

How to use the socket module to create clients and servers in Python 3.x

Overview:
In network communication, the client and the server are two basic roles, and they transmit data through the network and interact to realize information sharing and processing. The socket module in Python provides the function of creating clients and servers, making network communication simple and convenient. This article will introduce how to use the socket module in Python 3.x to create clients and servers, and provide code examples.

1. Creating a server
   In Python, creating a server requires first creating a socket object, then binding the IP address and port, and finally listening for connections from the client. The following is a simple sample code:

import socket

# 创建socket对象
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 绑定IP地址和端口
server_address = ('127.0.0.1', 8000)
server_socket.bind(server_address)

# 监听连接
server_socket.listen(5)

print('服务器已启动，等待连接...')

while True:
    # 阻塞等待客户端连接
    client_socket, client_address = server_socket.accept()

    # 处理客户端连接
    print('客户端已连接：', client_address)

    # 读取客户端发送的数据
    data = client_socket.recv(1024)
    print('接收到数据：', data.decode('utf-8'))

    # 回复客户端数据
    response = 'Hello, Client!'
    client_socket.sendall(response.encode('utf-8'))

    # 关闭连接
    client_socket.close()

In the above code, we use the socket.socket() method to create a socket object, specifying the use of the IPv4 address family and TCP protocol. Then bind the server to the specified IP address and port through the bind() method (this example uses the local IP address 127.0.0.1 and port 8000). Next, start listening for connection requests from the client through the listen() method. In the while loop, use the accept() method to block waiting for the client's connection and return a new socket object (client_socket) and the client's address (client_address). We can send and receive data through the client_socket object. Finally, close the client connection.

2. Creating a client
   Compared with creating a server, creating a client also requires first creating a socket object and specifying the IP address and port of the server to be connected. Then use the connect() method to connect to the server and send and receive data. The following is a simple sample code:

import socket

# 创建socket对象
client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

# 连接服务器
server_address = ('127.0.0.1', 8000)
client_socket.connect(server_address)

# 发送数据
message = 'Hello, Server!'
client_socket.sendall(message.encode('utf-8'))

# 接收数据
data = client_socket.recv(1024)
print('接收到数据：', data.decode('utf-8'))

# 关闭连接
client_socket.close()

In the above code, we use the socket.socket() method to create a socket object, also specifying the use of the IPv4 address family and TCP protocol. Then use the connect() method to connect to the server's IP address and port. Next, we can use the client_socket object to send and receive data. In this example, we send a string message to the server, then receive the message returned by the server and print it.

Summary:
This article introduces how to use the socket module in Python 3.x to create clients and servers, and provides corresponding sample code. Through the socket module, we can easily implement network communication and realize data transmission and interaction between different roles. In actual projects, we can expand the code according to actual needs to achieve more complex functions. I hope this article can help readers better understand and use the socket module in Python.

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