How to install and configure Docker on Linux?

How to install and configure Docker on Linux?

Docker is an open source containerization platform that can be used to create, package and distribute applications on different operating systems. It provides a lightweight virtualization technology that is different from virtual machines and can utilize system resources more efficiently. This article will explain how to install and configure Docker on Linux.

Installing Docker
There are several ways to install Docker on a Linux system. This article will introduce the two most common installation methods: using the package manager and installing through the official script.

Install Docker using a package manager
Most Linux distributions have a package manager for Docker. For example, on Ubuntu, you can use the apt-get command to install it. On CentOS, you can use the yum command to install.

1. Update the system package list:

   $ sudo apt-get update

2. Install Docker:

   $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce

3. Start the Docker service :

   $ sudo systemctl start docker

Install Docker via the official script
Another way to install Docker is to use the official script. This method is suitable for systems that do not have a package manager for Docker.

1. Download and run the official script to install:

   $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
   $ sudo sh get-docker.sh

2. Start the Docker service:

   $ sudo systemctl start docker

Configuring Docker
After installing Docker, some configuration may be required. The following are some common configuration options.

1. Switch Docker image source
   By default, Docker uses the official image source. However, due to network reasons, we may need to switch to domestic mirror sources to speed up downloading.

Edit the Docker configuration file:

$ sudo vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

Add the following content to the file:

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.example.com"]
}

Replace "https://docker.mirrors.example.com" The mirror source address you selected.

Save and exit the configuration file. Then restart the Docker service:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

2. Add users to the docker user group
   By default, only the root user and users in the sudoers list can run Docker commands. If you want ordinary users to be able to use Docker, you can add them to the docker user group.

Add the user to the docker user group:

$ sudo usermod -aG docker your_username

Replace "your_username" with your username.

Log in again for the user group changes to take effect.

Using Docker
After installing and configuring Docker, we can start using it to manage and run containers.

1. Pull the Docker image
   Use the docker pull command to pull the image from the Docker repository. The following is an example, pulling an official image named "nginx":

   $ docker pull nginx

2. Running Container
   Use the docker run command to run a container. The following is an example to start an nginx container named "my-nginx":

   $ docker run -d --name my-nginx -p 80:80 nginx

Among them, -d means running the container in the background, --name specifies the container name, and -p Specify port mapping.

Summary
This article introduces how to install and configure Docker on Linux. Two common installation methods are provided during the installation process: using the package manager and installing through the official script. At the same time, some common configuration options are also introduced to realize switching Docker image sources and adding users to the docker user group. Finally, we also briefly learned how to use Docker to pull images and run containers. I hope this article helps you install and configure Docker on Linux.

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