Use the functions provided by the encoding/json package to encode and decode JSON strings

Use the functions provided by the encoding/json package to encode and decode JSON strings

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a commonly used data exchange format and is widely used for front-end and back-end data transmission and storage. The encoding/json package in the Go language's standard library provides a set of functions that allow us to easily encode and decode JSON strings.

In the Go language, you can use a struct structure to represent a JSON object, and then use the Marshal and Unmarshal functions provided by the encoding/json package to encode and decode.

First, let’s take a look at the encoding of JSON strings. Encoding is to convert struct objects in Go language into JSON strings.

Code example:

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

type Person struct {
    Name   string
    Age    int
    Gender string
}

func main() {
    p := Person{
        Name:   "Alice",
        Age:    25,
        Gender: "Female",
    }

    // 使用json.Marshal函数对Person对象进行编码，返回一个字节数组
    jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(p)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("JSON编码失败：", err)
        return
    }

    // 将字节数组转换为字符串
    jsonString := string(jsonBytes)

    fmt.Println(jsonString)
}

Run the above code, the output result is:

{"Name":"Alice","Age":25,"Gender":"Female"}

You can see that the encoded JSON string corresponds to the original Person object one-to-one. Each object's fields correspond to key-value pairs of a JSON string. The encoded JSON string will retain its original order.

Next, let’s take a look at the decoding of JSON strings. Decoding is to convert a JSON string into a struct object in Go language.

Code example:

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)

type Person struct {
    Name   string
    Age    int
    Gender string
}

func main() {
    jsonString := `{"Name":"Alice","Age":25,"Gender":"Female"}`

    // 将JSON字符串转换为字节数组
    jsonBytes := []byte(jsonString)

    // 使用json.Unmarshal函数对JSON字符串进行解码
    var p Person
    err := json.Unmarshal(jsonBytes, &p)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("JSON解码失败：", err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println(p)
}

Run the above code, the output result is:

{Alice 25 Female}

You can see that the decoded Person object corresponds to the original JSON string one-to-one, Each key-value pair corresponds to a field of the object. The decoded fields retain their original data types.

It should be noted that when using the encoding/json package for encoding and decoding, you must ensure that the field names in the struct object of the Go language are consistent with the key names in the JSON string in order to perform the conversion correctly.

The above is the sample code for encoding and decoding JSON strings using the encoding/json package. Using these functions, we can easily process JSON data in Go language.

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