


1. Define functions
In Python, to define a function, use the def statement, and write the function name, parentheses, parameters in parentheses, and colons in sequence:, Then, write the function body in an indented block, and the return value of the function is returned with the return statement.
The format for defining functions is as follows:
def 函数名(): 代码
Example:
# 定义一个函数,能够完成打印信息的功能 def printInfo(): print '------------------------------------' print 'Go语言进阶学习' print '------------------------------------'
Define a function with parameters
The example is as follows:
def add2num(a, b): c = a+b print c
Call function with parameters
to call add2num(a above , b) function as an example:
def add2num(a, b): c = a + b print(c) add2num(11, 22)# 调用带有参数的函数时,需要在小括号中,传递数据
Running result:
The order of parameters when calling the function
>>> def test(a,b): ... print(a,b) ... print(test(1, 2)) 1 2 print(test(b=1, a=2)) 2 1 >>> >>> print(test(b=1, 2)) File "<stdin>", line 1 SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argument
二、调用函数
定义了函数之后,就相当于有了一个具有某些功能的代码,想要让这些代码能够执行,需要调用它
调用函数很简单的,通过 函数名() 即可完成调用。
例:
# 定义完函数后,函数是不会自动执行的,需要调用它才可以 printInfo()
三、函数返回多个值
函数可以返回多个值吗?答案是肯定的。
带有返回值的函数
想要在函数中把结果返回给调用者,需要在函数中使用return
如下示例:
def add2num(a, b): c = a+b return c
或者
def add2num(a, b): return a+b
保存函数的返回值
如果一个函数返回了一个数据,那么想要用这个数据,那么就需要保存
保存函数的返回值示例如下:
# 定义函数 def add2num(a, b): return a + b # 调用函数,顺便保存函数的返回值 result = add2num(100, 98) # 因为result已经保存了add2num的返回值,所以接下来就可以使用了 print(result)
运行结果:
四、my_abs和内置函数abs的差别
print(my_abs('A'))
当传入了不恰当的参数时,内置函数abs会检查出参数错误,而定义的my_abs没有参数检查,会导致if语句出错,出错信息和abs不一样。
修改一下my_abs的定义,数据类型检查可以用内置函数isinstance()实现:
def my_abs(x): if not isinstance(x, (int, float)): raise TypeError('bad operand type') if x >= 0: return x else: return -x
添加了参数检查后,如果传入错误的参数类型,函数就可以抛出一个错误:
my_abs('A')
5. Summary
This article is based on the basics of Python and introduces function definitions. When defining a function, you need to determine the function name and number of parameters; if necessary, you can check the data type of the parameters first; you can use return inside the function body to return the function result at any time.
The above is the detailed content of Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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