Home >Backend Development >Golang >Structure of the basics of Go language (Spring Chapter)
We have said before that the map in Go language is a key value The right way to store data, like this. For those who don’t remember, please click: An article will take you to understand the basics of Go language map and the basic map supplement of Go language.
//方式一 var student = map[string]string{ "Name": "张三", "Age": "18", } //方式二 var student2 = make(map[string]string, 10) student2["Name"] = "张三" student2["Age"] = "18"
But this seems to have a drawback, I don’t know how manykey , and the value type is fixed.
##Theoretically speaking, key Age The corresponding value should be of type int , and there are some other subtle problems that are not easy to solve through map.
To solve these problems, the structure type was introduced.
代码 完整代码 如果要是理解的话,可以理解为 这里可以把 注: 代码 完整代码 可能猛一看,感觉自定义类型和类型别名似乎一样,但是其实是不太一样的。 代码 执行结果。 Conclusion:Custom types are really custom types. The types have changed. Type aliases only change the type name, but the essence remains the same. Go language structure, Classes in languages such as Java Structurebelongs to basic data type. The memory diagram is roughly as follows. Definition of structure The keywords type 语法 示例,通过结构体描述一个学生。 注:如果字段类型是相同的,可以写在同一行。 两个执行结果。 有时候我们的函数可能会要求传入一个结构体,但是你又不想定义,就想临时用一下,赶紧传参得了。 这时候可以考虑匿名结构体。 两个执行结果。 通过 但是操作过程跟上述一样,Go已经封装好了。 代码 使用 如果使用 执行结果。 代码 执行结果。 在操作结构体时,即使没有赋值,也会有默认值,所以不用担心会报错。自定义类型
type 自定义类型名 类型名
例:
type NewInt int
package main
import "fmt"
type NewInt int
func main() {
var n1 NewInt = 1
fmt.Println(n1)//结果为1
}
NewInt
包含了int
的功能。NewInt
当作int
来使用。NewInt
是一个新的类型,它包含int
,并不等于int
。类型别名
type 类型别名 = 类型名
例:
type Nint = int
package main
import "fmt"
type Nint = int
func main() {
var n1 Nint = 1
fmt.Println(n1)//1
}
自定义类型和类型别名区别
package main
import "fmt"
type Nint1 int //自定义类型
type Nint2 = int //类型别名
func main() {
var n1 Nint1 = 1
var n2 Nint2 = 1
fmt.Printf("n1类型:%T,n2类型:%T", n1, n2)
}
## Structure
and Python
are no longer A simple structure is so simple.
Structure definition
and struct
are required for the body.
type 结构体名 struct {
字段1 字段类型1
字段2 字段类型2
...
}
type Student struct {
Name string
Age int
Height int
Weight int
phone string
}
type Student struct {
Name string
Age, Height, Weight int
phone string
}
结构体初始化
方式一,赋值时初始化
func main() {
var s1 = Student{
Name: "张三",
Age: 18,
Height: 180,
Weight: 120,
phone: "6666666",
}
fmt.Println(s1)
}
方式二,先声明,后赋值
func main() {
var s1 Student
s1.Name = "张三"
s1.Age = 18
s1.Height = 180
s1.Weight = 120
s1.phone = "66666"
}
匿名结构体
方式一,先声明,后赋值
func main() {
var car struct {
Name string;
CarNum string
}
car.Name = "QQ"
car.CarNum = "京6666"
fmt.Println(car) //{QQ 京6666}
}
方式二,声明+初始化
func main() {
var car = struct {
Name string;
CarNum string
}{
Name: "QQ",
CarNum: "京6666",
}
fmt.Println(car) //{QQ 京6666}
}
通过
&
方式初始化结构体
&
的方式初始化,性能会提高一点,因为返回的是第一个的指针。func main() {
//方式一,等于一个空&结构体在赋值
var s1 = &Student{}
s1.Name = "张三"
//...
//方式二,直接赋值
var s2 = &Student{
Name: "",
Age: 0,
Height: 0,
Weight: 0,
phone: "",
}
//方式三不可以
//var s3 &Student//error
}
&
的方式基本跟原来一样,但是方式三不行。&初始化结构体函数注意事项
&
的方式,那函数参数也要变一下的。package main
import "fmt"
type Student struct {
Name string
Age, Height, Weight int
phone string
}
func sayStudent1(s Student) {
fmt.Println(s)
}
func sayStudent2(s *Student) {
//如果穿的是结构体地址,那么接收就需要用*
fmt.Println(s)
}
func main() {
var s1 = Student{
Name: "111",
Age: 0,
Height: 0,
Weight: 0,
phone: "1111",
}
var s2 = &Student{
Name: "2222",
Age: 0,
Height: 0,
Weight: 0,
phone: "2222",
}
sayStudent1(s1)
sayStudent2(s2)
}
关于结构体默认值
func main() {
var s1 = Student{}
fmt.Println(s1)
}
int
默认值是0,string
默认值是"",等。
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