Golang concurrent programming practice sharing: how to use Goroutines to build high-performance servers

Golang concurrent programming practice sharing: How to use Goroutines to build high-performance servers

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet, developers often face the problem of building high-performance servers. In Golang, this can be achieved very well using Goroutines for concurrent programming. This article will share some practical experiences to help you understand how to use Goroutines to build high-performance servers, and provide some sample code for reference.

1. What are Goroutines?
Goroutines are the basic unit of concurrent programming in Golang. It can be thought of as a lightweight thread executing concurrently with other Goroutines. Compared with operating system threads, Goroutines are more lightweight, cheaper to start and destroy, and can very efficiently utilize the multi-core processors of modern hardware.

2. Goroutines usage scenarios
When building high-performance servers, using Goroutines can bring many benefits. The following are some common usage scenarios:

1. Parallel processing of requests: Use Goroutines to process multiple requests at the same time and improve the throughput of the server.
2. Asynchronous IO operations: Goroutines can continue to perform other tasks while waiting for IO operations to complete, thereby making full use of CPU resources.
3. Concurrent data processing: Using Goroutines for concurrent data processing can speed up data processing.

3. Practical experience in using Goroutines to build high-performance servers

1. Reasonably control the number of Goroutines: When using Goroutines to process requests, we need to consider the resource limitations of the system. It is important to set the number of Goroutines appropriately to avoid performance degradation due to resource exhaustion. You can use Golang's runtime.NumCPU() function to obtain the number of CPU cores in the current system and adjust it according to the actual situation.
   The following is a sample code snippet that demonstrates how to control the number of Goroutines:

func main() {
    // 获取系统CPU核心数量
    numCPU := runtime.NumCPU()

    // 根据CPU核心数量设置GOMAXPROCS
    runtime.GOMAXPROCS(numCPU)

    // 启动Goroutines
    for i := 0; i < numCPU; i++ {
        go processRequest()
    }

    // 主Goroutine等待所有子Goroutines执行完成
    wg.Wait()
}

func processRequest() {
    // 处理请求的逻辑
    // ...
    wg.Done()
}

2. Use channels (channels) for communication between Goroutines: Channels are the main method for data transfer between Goroutines mechanism. A common pattern is to use a receive channel and a send channel to interact. The receiving channel is used to receive tasks, while the sending channel is used to return processing results.
   The following is a simple sample code that demonstrates how to use channels for communication between Goroutines:

func main() {
    tasks := make(chan Task, 10)    // 接收通道
    results := make(chan Result, 10)    // 发送通道

    // 启动Goroutines
    for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
        go worker(tasks, results)
    }

    // 发送任务到接收通道
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        tasks <- Task{i, i * i}
    }

    // 关闭接收通道
    close(tasks)

    // 从发送通道接收结果
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        result := <- results
        fmt.Println(result)
    }
}

type Task struct {
    ID int
    Data int
}

type Result struct {
    TaskID int
    Square int
}

func worker(tasks chan Task, results chan Result) {
    for task := range tasks {    // 从接收通道接收任务
        square := task.Data * task.Data
        result := Result{task.ID, square}
        results <- result    // 发送结果到发送通道
    }
}

3. Use WaitGroup to wait for all Goroutines to complete: When starting multiple Goroutines, we need Make sure the main Goroutine does not exit until all child Goroutines have completed. You can use sync.WaitGroup to achieve this. In each child Goroutine, use wg.Done() to tell the WaitGroup that the current Goroutine has completed. In the main Goroutine, call wg.Wait()Wait for all child Goroutines to complete.
   The following is a simple sample code that demonstrates how to use WaitGroup to wait for all Goroutines to complete:

var wg sync.WaitGroup

func main() {
    wg.Add(2)

    // 启动两个Goroutines
    go work("Goroutine 1")
    go work("Goroutine 2")

    // 主Goroutine等待所有子Goroutines执行完成
    wg.Wait()
}

func work(name string) {
    defer wg.Done()
    
    // 模拟一些工作
    time.Sleep(time.Second * 2)
    fmt.Println(name, "完成工作")
}

4. Summary
This article shares the practical experience of using Goroutines to build high-performance servers, and Corresponding sample code is given. Using Goroutines for concurrent programming can help us make full use of multi-core processors to achieve more efficient performance. In actual applications, some optimizations and adjustments need to be made according to specific situations to achieve the best performance results.

The above is a sharing about how to use Goroutines to build high-performance servers. I hope it will be helpful to readers. If you are developing a Golang project, you might as well try using Goroutines to implement concurrent programming to improve server performance.

References:
[1] Go language Chinese website. Goroutines: Concurrent programming of lightweight threads. https://studygolang.com/articles/25926
[2] Go language learning Garden. Go language concurrency sync.WaitGroup. https://www.imooc.com/article/details/id/25497

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