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Golang language feature analysis: Concurrent programming
Introduction:
With the rapid development of computer technology, the demand for concurrent processing in software development is getting higher and higher. Concurrent programming is a complex and error-prone task that requires developers to have in-depth understanding and master an excellent programming language to support it. This article will introduce the features of Golang language in concurrent programming in detail and illustrate it through code examples.
1. Concurrency support of Golang language
The following is a simple example showing how to use Goroutine to implement concurrent processing:
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func worker(id int, c chan int) { for { n, ok := <-c if !ok { break } fmt.Println("Worker", id, "received", n) time.Sleep(time.Second) } } func main() { const numWorkers = 5 c := make(chan int) for i := 0; i < numWorkers; i++ { go worker(i, c) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { c <- i } close(c) time.Sleep(time.Second * 5) }
In the above example, we define a worker
Function, it will continuously receive data from channel c
and print it out. In the main
function, we created 5 Goroutines and called the worker
function respectively. Next, we sent 10 data to Goroutine through channel c
. By observing the output results, we can find that different Goroutines process tasks asynchronously and obtain data from the channel concurrently.
We demonstrate the use of channels through an example:
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func worker(id int, c chan int) { for n := range c { fmt.Println("Worker", id, "received", n) time.Sleep(time.Second) } } func main() { const numWorkers = 5 c := make(chan int) for i := 0; i < numWorkers; i++ { go worker(i, c) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { c <- i } close(c) time.Sleep(time.Second * 5) }
In the above example, we create a channel c
, and then start it for each Goroutine A worker
function. In the main
function, we pass data to Goroutine through channel c
. With the range
syntax, we can loop in the worker
function to receive data from the channel while processing tasks. After sending all the data, we close the channel through the close
function to notify all Goroutine tasks that it has been completed.
2. Other concurrency features of Golang language
In addition to Goroutine and channels, Golang also provides some other concurrency features, such as mutex (Mutex) and read-write lock (RWMutex) ), they can be used to protect concurrent access to shared resources. In addition, the standard library also provides some toolkits for concurrent programming, such as sync/atomic
and sync/waitgroup
, which can further improve the efficiency and stability of concurrent programming.
The following is an example of using a mutex lock:
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" "time" ) type Counter struct { mu sync.Mutex value int } func (c *Counter) Increment() { c.mu.Lock() defer c.mu.Unlock() c.value++ } func (c *Counter) GetValue() int { c.mu.Lock() defer c.mu.Unlock() return c.value } func main() { c := Counter{} var wg sync.WaitGroup for i := 0; i < 100; i++ { wg.Add(1) go func() { defer wg.Done() c.Increment() }() } wg.Wait() fmt.Println("Counter:", c.GetValue()) }
In the above example, we define a Counter
type, which contains a mutex lockmu
and a counter value
. Through the Increment
and GetValue
methods, we can safely read and write counters. In the main
function, we start 100 Goroutines to concurrently increase the counter. Through the protection of mutex locks, we ensure that concurrent access to the counter is thread-safe.
Conclusion:
With support for Goroutines and channels, as well as other rich concurrency features and toolkits, the Golang language excels in concurrent programming. It provides a concise and efficient concurrency processing method while ensuring thread safety and code quality. By in-depth learning about Golang concurrent programming, we can better master the skills of concurrent programming and improve the concurrent processing capabilities of the software.
Reference:
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