Performance optimization options for php-fpm process pool configuration

Performance optimization options for php-fpm process pool configuration

PHP is a very popular programming language and is widely used in web development. And php-fpm is a FastCGI process manager provided by PHP, which can make full use of server resources and improve performance. This article will introduce how to optimize the php-fpm process pool configuration to improve the performance of PHP applications.

1. Basic concepts

Before understanding how to optimize the php-fpm process pool configuration, we need to understand some basic concepts.

　1. Process pool: php-fpm manages the process of the PHP interpreter through the process pool. The process pool is the basic unit of php-fpm work. Each process pool has a master process and multiple worker processes.

2. Master process: Responsible for managing the creation, destruction and restart of worker processes.

　3. Worker process: Responsible for processing client requests and executing PHP scripts.

2. Process pool configuration

The process pool configuration file of php-fpm is an important performance optimization tool. We can adjust the configuration of the process pool according to the resource situation of the server and the needs of the application. The following are some commonly used process pool configuration options:

1. pm: Process management method

The pm configuration item is used to specify the process management method. Commonly used values ​​are:
- static: Static mode, starting a fixed number of worker processes to handle requests;
- dynamic: Dynamic mode, dynamic according to the number of requests Adjust the number of worker processes;
- ondemand: On-demand mode, start worker processes only when needed.

The value of the pm configuration item will affect the performance of the process pool. The static method is suitable for environments with stable request volume, which can avoid the frequent creation and destruction of processes; the dynamic method is suitable for environments with large fluctuations in request volume, and the number of processes can be automatically adjusted according to the request volume; the on-demand method is suitable for environments with small request volume. environment, processes can be started as needed.

2. pm.max_children: The upper limit of the number of worker processes

The pm.max_children configuration item is used to limit the number of worker processes. The setting of this value needs to be adjusted according to the resource conditions of the server. If the setting is too high, it will occupy too much memory and cause the system load to be too high; if the setting is too low, the request will not be processed in time.

3. pm.start_servers: The number of initially started worker processes

The pm.start_servers configuration item is used to specify the number of initially started worker processes. When the request volume is large, performance can be improved by appropriately increasing this value. It is recommended that this value be set to 1/3 of pm.max_children.

4. pm.min_spare_servers and pm.max_spare_servers: Range of the number of idle worker processes

The pm.min_spare_servers and pm.max_spare_servers configuration items are used to set the range of the number of idle worker processes. When the number of idle processes is lower than pm.min_spare_servers, php-fpm will start a new worker process; when the number of idle processes is higher than pm.max_spare_servers, php-fpm will destroy excess worker processes. Properly setting these two values ​​can avoid wasting server resources.

3. Sample configuration

The following is an example php-fpm process pool configuration file:

[global]
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/php-fpm.log
log_level = warning

[www]
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660
listen.backlog = 511

user = www-data
group = www-data
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 20

request_terminate_timeout = 60s
request_slowlog_timeout = 0s
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm-slow.log

rlimit_files = 1024
rlimit_core = 0
catch_workers_output = yes
pm.status_path = /status
ping.path = /ping
ping.response = pong

In the above configuration file, specify pm as dynamic and set pm .max_children is 50, and the corresponding number range of startup and idle processes can provide better performance.

Conclusion: Optimizing the php-fpm process pool configuration can improve the performance of PHP applications. According to the resource situation of the server and the needs of the application, rationally adjusting the process management method and the number of processes can achieve better performance and resource utilization.

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