php-fpm configuration optimization practice

php-fpm Configuration Optimization Practice

Introduction:
php-fpm (FastCGI Process Manager) is a running mode of PHP. It handles client requests as an independent process and can provide better performance and stability. However, if php-fpm is not configured properly, its advantages cannot be maximized. This article introduces some common php-fpm configuration optimization techniques and provides corresponding code examples.

1. Adjust process management parameters

In the configuration file of php-fpm, you can set some parameters related to process management to optimize the performance of php-fpm. The following are some commonly used configuration parameters and their sample codes:

pm = dynamic          ; 进程管理模式为动态模式，自动调整进程数量
pm.max_children = 50  ; 最大子进程数量为50个
pm.start_servers = 10 ; 启动时的子进程数量为10个
pm.min_spare_servers = 5 ; 最小空闲子进程数量为5个
pm.max_spare_servers = 20 ; 最大空闲子进程数量为20个

Using dynamic mode can automatically adjust the number of processes according to the number of requests, thereby improving the performance of php-fpm. At the same time, appropriately adjusting the number of child processes at startup and the minimum and maximum number of idle child processes can save system resources while ensuring responsiveness.

2. Adjust resource limit parameters

The php-fpm process usually needs to access operating system resources, such as memory, number of open files, etc. Properly setting resource limit parameters can avoid performance problems caused by insufficient resources. The following are some commonly used resource limit parameters and their sample codes:

pm.max_requests = 1000 ; 每个子进程处理的最大请求数量为1000个
rlimit_files = 1024    ; 进程可以同时打开的最大文件数为1024个
rlimit_core = unlimited ; 进程可以生成的core文件大小不限制

The number of requests processed by each child process is an important parameter. After a child process has processed a certain number of requests, resources can be released by restarting the child process to avoid resource leaks and memory fragmentation. At the same time, appropriately adjusting the maximum number of files that a process can open at the same time and the core file size limit can enable php-fpm to handle more requests.

3. Optimize request processing parameters

When php-fpm processes requests, you can set some parameters to optimize performance and stability. The following are some commonly used request processing parameters and their sample codes:

request_terminate_timeout = 60s ; 请求处理超时时间为60秒
request_slowlog_timeout = 5s ; 记录慢日志的请求处理时间阈值为5秒
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm.slow.log ; 慢日志记录的文件路径

Setting an appropriate request processing timeout can avoid long-term requests blocking the process. At the same time, you can set the request processing time threshold for slow logging and specify the file path for slow logging to locate slow queries and performance bottlenecks.

Conclusion:
By adjusting the configuration parameters of php-fpm, we can optimize the performance and stability of php-fpm. Reasonable setting of process management parameters, resource limit parameters and request processing parameters can improve the response ability to client requests and avoid resource shortage and performance problems. The above are some common optimization techniques and sample codes. I hope they will be helpful to everyone.

Reference link:

1. PHP Manual: php-fpm configuration file
2. Nginx Documentation: Tuning NGINX for Performance

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