How to reasonably adjust the php-fpm process pool configuration

How to reasonably adjust the php-fpm process pool configuration

When using PHP to develop web applications, PHP-FPM (PHP FastCGI Process Manager) is a very important component. It is responsible for handling PHP requests from the web server and managing the PHP process pool. Properly configuring the php-fpm process pool can improve the performance and stability of web applications. This article will introduce how to properly adjust the php-fpm process pool configuration and provide some code examples.

1. Understanding the php-fpm process pool

First, let us understand the concept of the php-fpm process pool. php-fpm handles PHP requests through a process pool, and each process can handle one request. The process pool has the following important parameters:

• pm.max_children: The maximum number of processes allowed in the process pool.
• pm.start_servers: The initial number of processes in the process pool at startup.
• pm.min_spare_servers: The minimum number of idle processes in the process pool.
• pm.max_spare_servers: The maximum number of idle processes in the process pool.

2. Adjust pm.max_children

pm.max_children is the maximum number of processes allowed in the process pool. This value usually needs to be adjusted based on server configuration and application load. If the setting is too small, concurrent requests may not be satisfied; if the setting is too large, server resources may be exhausted.

The following is an example configuration, here setting pm.max_children to 100:

pm.max_children = 100

3. Adjust pm.start_servers and pm.min_spare_servers

pm. start_servers is the initial number of processes in the process pool at startup, and pm.min_spare_servers is the minimum number of idle processes in the process pool. These two parameters determine how many idle processes php-fpm should have at startup and when load is low.

The following is an example configuration, setting both pm.start_servers and pm.min_spare_servers to 20:

pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 20

4. Adjust pm.max_spare_servers

pm. max_spare_servers is the maximum number of idle processes in the process pool. When the load is light, php-fpm will try to maintain a pm.max_spare_servers number of idle processes. The larger this value, the more idle processes the system will keep in order to respond more quickly to increases in load.

The following is an example configuration, setting pm.max_spare_servers to 50:

pm.max_spare_servers = 50

5. Other configuration parameters

In addition to the above parameters, there are Some other configuration parameters also need attention, such as:

• pm.max_requests: The maximum number of requests handled by each PHP process. Once this value is reached, php-fpm will restart the process.
• pm.process_idle_timeout: The maximum survival time of an idle process. After this time is reached, php-fpm will shut down the process.

According to actual needs, these parameters can be adjusted to improve performance and stability.

The following is a sample configuration, setting pm.max_requests to 1000 and pm.process_idle_timeout to 10 minutes:

pm.max_requests = 1000
pm.process_idle_timeout = 10m

Summary

Reasonably adjust the php-fpm process pool Configuration can improve the performance and stability of web applications. By understanding the parameters of the process pool and adjusting them according to the server configuration and application load, you can optimize the operation of php-fpm. In actual applications, adjusting the process pool configuration may require multiple experiments and adjustments based on different environments and needs to find the best configuration.

Reference code examples have been provided in this article, hoping to help readers better understand how to reasonably adjust the php-fpm process pool configuration. At the same time, it is also recommended that readers reconfirm the current server configuration and application load before using the code to avoid unnecessary problems caused by misconfiguration.

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