php-fpm multi-process running mode selection and optimization

php-fpm multi-process running mode selection and optimization

In the process of developing web applications using PHP, php-fpm, as an important process manager, is often used to handle high concurrent requests. In order to improve performance and stability, we need to choose a suitable operating mode and perform some optimizations.

1. php-fpm running mode selection

1. Normal mode (static)

Normal mode is the default running mode of php-fpm, each The process is fixedly allocated certain resources and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the actual load. This mode is suitable for scenarios where the request volume is small and relatively stable, such as small websites.

2. Dynamic mode (dynamic)

In dynamic mode, php-fpm dynamically adjusts the number of processes according to the actual request load. The creation and destruction of the process is automatically completed by php-fpm and adjusted according to the configured parameters. This mode is suitable for scenarios with large request volume and rapid changes, such as portal websites.

3. Mixed mode (ondemand)

Mixed mode starts a small number of static processes when the request volume is small, and then starts dynamic processes when the request volume increases. process to handle. This model is suitable for traffic situations with large fluctuations, such as promotions on e-commerce websites.

2. php-fpm process tuning

1. Adjustment of the number of processes

The number of processes directly affects the performance and stability of php-fpm . Too many processes can lead to resource contention, and too few processes may not be able to satisfy user requests. The number of processes can be controlled by adjusting the pm.max_children parameter in the php-fpm configuration file.

2. Process idle time

Process idle time refers to a process that is idle and will be recycled after not receiving new requests for a certain period of time. The idle time of the process can be controlled through the pm.process_idle_timeout parameter in the php-fpm configuration file. Too long idle time will occupy system resources, and too short idle time will require frequent creation and destruction of processes, affecting performance.

3. Process life cycle

The process life cycle refers to the time from creation to destruction of a process. You can control the number of requests processed by a process through the pm.max_requests parameter in the php-fpm configuration file. Setting an appropriate life cycle can avoid problems such as memory leaks caused by long-running processes.

3. Code Example

The following is a simple php-fpm configuration file example, running in dynamic mode:

[global]
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /var/log/php-fpm.log

[www]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
listen.backlog = -1
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0666
user = www-data
group = www-data
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 10
pm.max_spare_servers = 30
pm.max_requests = 500

Through the above configuration file, we can set the process Quantity, process idle time, process life cycle and other parameters to achieve optimization of php-fpm.

Summary:

Selecting a suitable php-fpm operating mode and optimizing process parameters can improve the performance and stability of the PHP program and enhance the user experience. However, it needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation, because different application scenarios have different requirements for process management. I hope this article can help everyone understand the selection and optimization of php-fpm multi-process operating mode.

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