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Understand nginx configuration tutorial in seconds and get started developing websites quickly

WBOYOriginal: 2023-07-06 11:12:063450browse

Recently, more and more developers choose to use nginx as a proxy server for website development. nginx has become the first choice for many people due to its high performance, low resource consumption and flexible configuration. But for novices, configuring nginx may be difficult. This article will take you step by step to understand nginx configuration and quickly get started developing a website through code examples.

1. Install nginx

First, you need to install nginx on your computer or server. The specific steps vary depending on the operating system. Here is Ubuntu Linux as an example:

Open the terminal and enter the following command to install nginx:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

After the installation is completed , enter the following command to start the nginx service:

sudo service nginx start

Open the browser and enter http://localhost. If you can see the nginx welcome page, it means nginx Successful installation.

2. Configure nginx

The nginx configuration file is located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, we can use any text editor to open it. The following is a basic nginx configuration example:

worker_processes 1;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        
        location / {
            root /var/www/html;
            index index.html;
        }
    }
}

The above configuration:

worker_processes represents the number of processes used by nginx, usually set to 2 of the number of CPU cores times.
worker_connectionsIndicates the maximum number of connections per process. The
http block is used to configure the HTTP service, which listens to port 80 by default.
server block is used to configure a virtual host, there can be multiple.
listenSpecify the listening port.
server_nameSpecify the domain name of the virtual host. The
location block is used to configure how requests are routed and handled.

3. Develop website

Create a file named example.com in the /var/www/html directory folder for storing website files.
Create a file named index.html in the example.com folder and enter the following content:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Welcome to example.com</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello, world!</h1>
</body>
</html>

Open the terminal and enter the following command to reload the nginx configuration file:

sudo service nginx reload

Open the browser and enter http://localhost or http: //example.com, you will see the web page you just created.

4. Further configuration

In addition to the basic configuration, nginx also has many powerful modules that can be used. The following are some commonly used configuration examples:

Static file cache

http {
    server {
        ...
        
        location /static {
            root /var/www/html;
            expires 7d;
        }
    }
}

The above configuration will /var/www/html/static Static files are cached and are valid for 7 days.

Reverse proxy

http {
    server {
        ...
        
        location /api {
            proxy_pass http://api.example.com;
        }
    }
}

The above configuration will forward requests matching the /api path to http://api.example. com.

Load Balancing

http {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
    
    server {
        ...
        
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
    }
}

The above configuration distributes requests to multiple backend servers defined in backend to achieve load balancing.

5. Summary

Through the introduction of this article, I believe that everyone has a certain understanding of nginx configuration and can quickly start developing websites. Of course, the functions of nginx are far more than this, and there are many advanced features and plug-ins waiting for you to explore. I hope this article is helpful to you, and I wish you develop a first-class website in the world of nginx!

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