How to configure a highly available container management platform (such as Kubernetes) on Linux

How to configure a highly available container management platform (such as Kubernetes) on Linux

Introduction:
With the development of container technology, more and more enterprises are beginning to use container management platforms for applications deployment and management. One of the most popular container management platforms is Kubernetes. This article will introduce in detail how to configure a highly available Kubernetes cluster on Linux to achieve high availability of containers.

1. Install Docker
   First, install Docker on each Linux host as the underlying container running environment for Kubernetes. The following example demonstrates the steps to install Docker on an Ubuntu system.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install docker.io

2. Install kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl
   Next, install the Kubernetes components kubelet, kubeadm and kubectl. Kubelet is the node agent for Kubernetes that runs on each node to manage containers. Kubeadm is a tool used to initialize a Kubernetes cluster, while kubectl is a command line tool for Kubernetes used to interact with the cluster.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install kubelet kubeadm kubectl

3. Initialize the Master node
   Select a host as the Master node of the Kubernetes cluster and use the kubeadm tool to initialize it.

$ sudo kubeadm init

The initialization process takes some time, and after completion, some information will be output, including a command similar to the following to add the node to the cluster.

$ sudo kubeadm join <master-ip>:<master-port> --token <token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash <hash>

Save this command to a file for later use.

4. Join Worker Node
   On all other nodes, use the join command saved in the previous step to join them into the Kubernetes cluster.

$ sudo kubeadm join <master-ip>:<master-port> --token <token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash <hash>

Wait for a moment. When the node successfully joins, use the following command to confirm the status of the node.

$ kubectl get nodes

5. Install the network plug-in
   In order to achieve network communication between containers in the Kubernetes cluster, we need to install a network plug-in. Here we take the Calico network plug-in as an example for demonstration.

$ kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.11/manifests/calico.yaml

Wait a moment and use the following command to confirm the status of the network plug-in.

$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

6. Configuring high availability
   In order to achieve high availability of Kubernetes services, we can use Kubernetes' high-availability component kube-high-availability (kubeadm-ha) to simplify the configuration process. The following example demonstrates how to configure using the kube-ha tool.

$ sudo wget https://github.com/lucj/kube-ha/archive/master.zip
$ sudo unzip master.zip
$ cd kube-ha-master
$ sudo systemctl start kubelet
$ sudo ./install.sh

Done! Now you have successfully configured a highly available Kubernetes cluster.

Conclusion:
In this article, we detailed how to configure a highly available Kubernetes cluster on Linux. From installing Docker and Kubernetes components, to initializing Master nodes and joining Worker nodes, and finally installing network plug-ins and configuring high availability, the step-by-step guidance ensures that we successfully configure a highly available container management platform. This will provide enterprises with a stable and reliable infrastructure, making the deployment and management of container applications simpler and more efficient.

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