How to configure container networking on Linux

How to configure container network on Linux

In today's cloud computing era, containerization technology is increasingly favored by developers. As the most popular containerization platform currently, Docker provides us with a convenient and efficient container management method. The network configuration of containers is also particularly important in the deployment of containerized applications. In this article, we will introduce how to configure the container network on Linux to facilitate communication between containers and interconnection with the outside world.

1. Understand the network mode

Docker provides a variety of network modes to choose from. We need to choose the appropriate method according to actual needs.

1. Bridge (bridge mode): Default mode, creates a virtual network (bridge) and connects each container to this network. Containers can communicate within this network using their own IP addresses.
2. Host (host mode): The container and the host share the network, and the container directly uses the host's IP address and network interface.
3. Overlay (overlay network): The network mode used in a multi-host Docker environment can achieve cross-host container communication.
4. MacVlan (MAC VLAN): The container is associated with a specific interface MAC address in the physical network and directly obtains a real physical network address.

2. Configure the bridge mode network

Bridge mode is the most commonly used network configuration method for Docker, which can realize communication between containers while isolating from the external network. Following are the steps to configure a bridged mode network.

1. Create network

$ docker network create mynetwork

2. Start container

$ docker run -d --name mycontainer --network mynetwork nginx

The above command will start a container named mycontainer and put it Join the mynetwork network.

3. Communication between containers

Containers on the same network can use the container name to communicate, and the container name can be resolved into the corresponding IP address.

$ docker exec -it mycontainer1 ping mycontainer2 

You can use this command to ping another container from within a container.

3. Configure the host mode network

The host mode network allows the container to directly use the network interface and IP address of the host, so the container and the host share a network namespace. Following are the steps to configure host mode networking.

1. Start the container

$ docker run -d --name mycontainer --network host nginx

The above command will start a container named mycontainer and use the host's network directly.

2. Communication between container and host

In host mode, the container directly uses the network interface and IP address of the host to communicate with the host.

$ docker exec -it mycontainer ping localhost 

The above command can ping the host address in the container.

4. Configure the overlay network

The overlay network is usually used to achieve cross-host container communication in a multi-node Docker environment. Here are the steps to configure an overlay network.

1. Create network

$ docker network create -d overlay mynetwork

2. Start container

$ docker service create --name myservice --network mynetwork nginx

Use the above command to add the service to the mynetwork network when creating it middle.

3. Communication between containers

In an overlay network, service names can be used for communication between containers.

$ docker exec -it mycontainer1 ping myservice 

The above command can ping the service in the container.

5. Configure the MAC VLAN network

The MAC VLAN network mode associates the container with the interface MAC address in the physical network and can directly obtain a real physical network address. Following are the steps to configure a MAC VLAN network.

1. Create network

$ docker network create -d macvlan --subnet=192.168.1.0/24 --gateway=192.168.1.1 -o parent=eth0 mynetwork

2. Start container

$ docker run -d --name mycontainer --network mynetwork nginx

Use the above command to add the container to the mynetwork network when creating it middle.

3. Container and physical network communication

In a MAC VLAN network, containers can communicate directly using the interface of the physical network.

$ docker exec -it mycontainer ping 192.168.1.2 

The above command can ping the address in the physical network in the container.

Summary

Through the above introduction, we understand how to configure the container network on Linux. According to actual needs, we can choose the appropriate network mode and configure it according to the corresponding steps. Network configuration is very critical for the deployment and operation of containerized applications. I hope this article can be helpful to you.

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