Basic configuration guide for debugging using GDB under Linux

Basic configuration guide for using GDB for debugging under Linux

Introduction:
Code debugging is an indispensable step in the software development process. It can help developers locate and solve problems. In the Linux environment, GDB (GNU Debugger) is a powerful debugging tool that can be used to debug C, C and other programming languages. This article will introduce how to configure and use GDB for code debugging in a Linux environment, and provide some common instructions and examples.

1. Install GDB
Enter the following command in the terminal to install GDB:

sudo apt-get install gdb

After the installation is complete, you can use the following command to verify whether GDB is successfully installed:

gdb --version

2. Compile the code to support debugging
When compiling the code, you need to add the -g parameter to support debugging. For example, for code in C language, you can compile it with the following command:

gcc -g -o program program.c

This will generate an executable file program, which contains debugging information.

3. Start the GDB debugger
Enter the following command in the terminal to start the GDB debugger:

gdb program

The program here is the executable file that needs to be debugged name.

4. Set breakpoints
In GDB, breakpoints are used to specify stopping points during program execution for debugging. You can use the following command to set a breakpoint in the code:

break 文件名:行号

For example, set a breakpoint on line 10 of the code:

break program.c:10

5. Run the program
Use the following command to run Program:

run

After the program is run, execution will stop at the set breakpoint.

6. View variable values
During the debugging process, it is often necessary to view the values ​​of variables to help locate problems. You can use the following command to view the variable value:

print 变量名

For example, to view the value of the variable x:

print x

7. Single-step execution
Single-step execution refers to line by line Execute the program and view the execution results of each line of code. The following are commonly used single-step execution commands:

• next: execute the next line of code, but will not enter the function;
• step: Execute the next line of code and enter the function;
• finish: Execute the entire function and then stop.

8. Continue executing the program
In GDB, you can use the following command to continue executing the program:

continue

The program will continue to execute until it encounters the next breakpoint or program Finish.

9. Exit the GDB debugger
After GDB debugging is completed, you can use the following command to exit:

quit

Code example:
The following is a simple C code example, use To demonstrate the debugging process of GDB.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int x = 10;

    printf("x的初始值：%d
", x);

    x += 5;

    printf("x的值增加后：%d
", x);

    return 0;
}

Assume that it is saved as a program.c file and compiled using the compilation command mentioned above. Then you can follow the above steps to start the GDB debugger and perform debugging operations.

Summary:
This article introduces the basic configuration and common instructions for using GDB for code debugging in the Linux environment. By using GDB properly, developers can locate and solve problems in their code more efficiently. I hope this article will be helpful to beginners and provide guidance for everyone to master debugging tools under Linux.

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