Common security vulnerabilities and attack problems encountered in Linux systems and their solutions

Linux system, as an open source operating system, is widely used in fields such as the Internet, servers, and embedded devices. However, precisely because of its widespread use, Linux systems have become a target for attackers. This article will introduce common security vulnerabilities and attack problems in Linux systems, and provide corresponding solutions.

1. Common security vulnerabilities

1. Failure to update patches and software versions in a timely manner: The Linux community and developers often release security patches and updates to fix known vulnerabilities. If these patches and updates are not applied in a timely manner, the system becomes vulnerable to exploitation by known attack methods. Solution: Regularly check and update systems and software in a timely manner.
2. Weak Passwords: Weak passwords are one of the most common points of intrusion. Some users prefer to use passwords that are easy to guess, or use the same password on different accounts. Solution: Use strong passwords and change them regularly, and use a password manager to manage passwords for multiple accounts.
3. SSH brute force cracking: Attackers will use brute force cracking to try to log in to the server and gain access by guessing the password. Solution: Limit the IP range for remote login, use a firewall to limit access to the SSH service, and use SSH key authentication.
4. Buffer Overflow (buffer overflow): Some programs do not perform sufficient validation and filtering of input when processing input, allowing attackers to modify the stack and execute malicious code by inputting data beyond what the program expects. Solution: When writing code, do input validation and filtering, and regularly update the libraries and components used.

2. Common attack problems

1. DDOS attack: Distributed denial of service attack (DDOS) is to consume by using multiple machines to send a large number of requests to the target server at the same time. Server resources, causing the service to be unavailable. Solution: Use firewalls and intrusion detection systems to monitor and filter DDOS attack traffic.
2. Worm and Virus Attacks: Worms and viruses are malicious programs that can replicate themselves and spread to other systems. They can destroy data, interfere with system functionality, and even steal sensitive information. Solution: Update and scan the system regularly, and use anti-virus and anti-virus software to protect system security.
3. SQL injection attack: Attackers modify and query the database by injecting malicious SQL code to obtain sensitive information. Solution: Use security measures such as prepared statements or stored procedures to prevent SQL injection attacks, while performing strict validation and filtering of input.
4. Identity forgery and session hijacking: Hackers can steal a user’s credentials, such as username and password, and then impersonate the user to access the system. Solution: Use the HTTPS protocol to protect user credentials and use secure session management to prevent session hijacking attacks.

3. Security protection measures

1. Regular backup and recovery: Regularly back up system data and configuration files to prevent data loss and system crash. And test whether the backup is recoverable.
2. Use firewalls and intrusion detection systems: Configure firewalls to restrict network traffic to and from the system and use intrusion detection systems to monitor and detect unusual activity.
3. Logging and monitoring: Record system and application logs, and regularly check and monitor logs to detect abnormalities and intrusions in a timely manner.
4. Restrict user permissions: Give users the minimum permissions to avoid potential risks caused by excessive permissions.

To sum up, when Linux systems face security threats, users should promptly update patches and software versions, use strong passwords and SSH key authentication, and perform input verification and filtering to reduce the risk of Risk of security breaches. At the same time, use tools such as firewalls and intrusion detection systems to protect the system from attacks. By taking a series of security protection measures, the security of the Linux system can be improved and the risk of attacks can be reduced.

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