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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial基于preg_match_all采集后数据处理的一点心得笔记(编码转换和正_PHP

1、使用curl实现站外采集

具体请参考我上一篇笔记:http://www.bitsCN.com/article/46432.htm

2、编码转换
首先通过查看源代码找到采集的网站使用的编码,通过mb_convert_encoding函数进行转码;

具体使用方法:

复制代码 代码如下:
//源字符是$str

//以下已知原编码为GBK,转换为utf-8
mb_convert_encoding($str, "UTF-8", "GBK");

//以下未知原编码,通过auto自动检测后,转换编码为utf-8
mb_convert_encoding($str, "UTF-8", "auto");

3、为更好地避开换行符和空格等不定因素的阻碍,有必要先清除采集到的源码中的换行符、空格符和制表符

复制代码 代码如下:
//方法一,使用str_replace进行替换
$contents = str_replace("\r\n", '', $contents); //清除换行符
$contents = str_replace("\n", '', $contents); //清除换行符
$contents = str_replace("\t", '', $contents); //清除制表符
$contents = str_replace(" ", '', $contents); //清除空格符

//方法二,使用正则表达式进行替换
$contents = preg_replace("/([\r\n|\n|\t| ]+)/",'',$contents);

4、通过正则表达式匹配找出需要获得的代码段,使用preg_match_all实现该匹配

复制代码 代码如下:
函数解释:
int preg_match_all ( string pattern, string subject, array matches [, int flags] )
pattern即正规表达式
subject即要进行查找的原文
matches是用于储存输出结果的数组
flags是储存的模式,包括:
    PREG_PATTERN_ORDER;  //整个数组是二维数组,$arr1[0]是包括边界所构成匹配字符串的数组,$arr1[1]除去边界所构成的匹配字符串的数组
    PREG_SET_ORDER;  //整个数组是二维数组,$arr2[0][0]是第一个包括边界所构成的匹配的字符串,$arr2[0][1]是第一个除去边界所构成的匹配的字符串,之后的数组以此类推
    PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE;  //整个数组是三维数组,$arr3[0][0][0]是第一个包括边界所构成的匹配的字符串,$arr3[0][0][1]是到达第一个匹配字符串的边界的偏移量(边界不算在内),之后以此类推,$arr2[1][0][0]是第一个包括边界所构成的匹配的字符串,$arr3[1][0][1]是到达第一个匹配字符串的边界的偏移量(边界算在内);

//实际应用
preg_match_all('/(.*?)/',$contents, $out, PREG_SET_ORDER);
$out将获取到所有匹配的元素
$out[0][0]将是包括

在内的全段字符
$out[0][1]将是仅包括(.*?)括号内所匹配到的字符段

//如此类推,第n个匹配到的字段可以用以下方法取得
$out[n-1][1]

//若正则表达式中存大多个括号,则取得句中第m个匹配点的方法是
$out[n-1][m]

5、取得要找到字符后,若要去掉html标签,使用PHP自带的函数strip_tags即可方便地实现

复制代码 代码如下:
//例
$result=strip_tags($out[0][1]);

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