How to handle thread wait timeout interrupt exception in Java development

How to handle thread wait timeout interrupt exceptions in Java development

In Java development, the use of threads is very common, especially when dealing with concurrent tasks. However, thread wait timeouts and interruptions may cause some problems, so we need to handle these exceptions carefully. This article will introduce how to handle thread wait timeouts and interrupt exceptions in Java development.

1. Thread waiting timeout

1. Use the wait and notify methods of Object

In Java, we can use the wait and notify methods of the Object class To realize thread waiting and waking up. The wait method can put the thread into the waiting state, and the notify method can wake up the waiting thread.

When we wait for the completion of a task, we can use the wait method to set the timeout, that is, the thread will automatically wake up after waiting for a period of time. For example:

synchronized (lock) {
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    while (!task.isDone()) {
        lock.wait(timeout);
        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > timeout) {
            break; // 超时，跳出循环
        }
    }
}

While waiting, we also need to check whether the task is completed. If it is completed, we can jump out of the loop. This prevents threads from waiting indefinitely.

2. Using Future and Callable interfaces

The ExecutorService in Java provides a more advanced way to handle thread wait timeouts. We can use the submit method to submit a Callable task and return a Future object.

Future objects can be used to obtain the execution results of tasks, and the timeout can be set. For example:

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
Future<String> future = executor.submit(new Callable<String>() {
    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        // 执行任务
        return "Task result";
    }
});

try {
    String result = future.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    // 处理任务结果
} catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
    // 处理异常
} finally {
    executor.shutdown();
}

When using the future.get() method to obtain task results, you can set a timeout. If the set time is exceeded, a TimeoutException will be thrown.

2. Thread interruption

1. Use the interrupt method

Java threads provide the interrupt method to interrupt the thread. This method can be called when we need to interrupt a thread.

When dealing with thread interruptions, we can use Thread's isInterrupted method to check whether the thread has been interrupted, and then handle it accordingly. For example:

while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
    // 执行任务
}

In the loop, we can continuously check the interrupt status of the thread, and jump out of the loop if the thread is interrupted.

2. Using ExecutorService

If we use ExecutorService to manage the thread pool, we can use the shutdownNow method to interrupt the executing task and return a list of unfinished tasks. For example:

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
executor.execute(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            // 执行任务
        }
    }
});

List<Runnable> unfinishedTasks = executor.shutdownNow();

After calling the shutdownNow method, all unfinished tasks will be interrupted and a list of unfinished tasks will be returned.

Summary:

In Java development, it is very important to handle thread wait timeouts and interrupt exceptions. We can use Object's wait and notify methods, Future and Callable interfaces, thread's interrupt method, and ExecutorService to handle these exceptions. Properly handling thread wait timeouts and interruptions can ensure that our programs are more stable and reliable.

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