How to use Smarty template engine in PHP development
As a PHP developer, using a template engine is a natural choice. Smarty is a popular template engine that provides a way to separate HTML/CSS/JavaScript from PHP code, allowing developers to better organize and manage projects. In this article, we will learn how to use Smarty template engine during PHP development.
1. Install Smarty
Before, we must install Smarty. In this article, we will install Smarty using Composer. Open a terminal and enter the following command:
composer require smarty/smarty
Composer will download and install Smarty, adding it to your project.
2. Create Smarty Folder
Now, we have to create a folder for our Smarty template. In your project root directory, create a folder called "smarty" or any other name. Within that folder, create another folder called "templates", this is where we will store our Smarty templates.
Create a subfolder named "libs" in the "smarty" folder. Paste everything you downloaded from the Install Smarty module into the newly created "libs" folder.
3. Configure Smarty
We need to use Smarty configuration with our project. In your PHP code, configure Smarty using the following command:
require_once ('smarty/libs/Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty();
$smarty->setTemplateDir('smarty/templates/');
$smarty->setCompileDir('smarty/templates_c/');
$smarty->setCacheDir('smarty/cache/');
$smarty->setConfigDir('smarty/configs/');This will initialize Smarty and set up four directories of Smarty: template directory (I set it to "smarty/templates/"), compilation directory ( set to "smarty/templates_c/"), the cache directory (set to "smarty/cache/") and the configuration directory (set to "smarty/configs/").
4. Writing Smarty templates
Now, we can start writing Smarty templates. Create a file named "index.tpl" in the "templates" directory. In this file you can write HTML code like this:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>{$title}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="headline">{$headline}</h1>
<p>{$content}</p>
</body>
</html>This is your template. Smarty wraps variables using curly braces {}, which is how these variables are displayed in HTML code.
5. Render the Smarty template
Finally, we need to render the template into HTML. Use the following command in your PHP code:
require_once ('smarty/libs/Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty();
$smarty->setTemplateDir('smarty/templates/');
$smarty->setCompileDir('smarty/templates_c/');
$smarty->setCacheDir('smarty/cache/');
$smarty->setConfigDir('smarty/configs/');
$title = '欢迎来到我的网站';
$headline = '您正在使用Smarty!';
$content = 'Smarty是一种基于PHP的模板引擎。';
$smarty->assign('title', $title);
$smarty->assign('headline', $headline);
$smarty->assign('content', $content);
$smarty->display('index.tpl');This will assign the "title", "headline" and "content" variables to the Smarty template. Finally, use the "$smarty->display()" command to render the template into HTML and display it in the browser.
Summary
Using the Smarty template engine may take some time to learn, but it provides a way to separate HTML/CSS/JavaScript from PHP code. In large projects, this will greatly reduce the difficulty of code maintenance. If you plan to use a template engine, a good starting point is Smarty. Hope this article helps you get started with Smarty.
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