How PHP implements OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism to enhance website security

OAuth2.0 is a token-based authorization protocol and is one of the most widely used authentication and authorization mechanisms on the Internet. By simulating the user authorization process, it enables users to share their resources with third-party applications without providing user names and passwords. PHP is a server-side scripting language widely used in web development. This article will introduce how to use PHP to implement the OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism to enhance the security of the website.

OAuth2.0 authorization process

The basic process of the OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism is as follows:

1. The user initiates an authorization request to the client application.
2. The client application initiates an authentication request to the OAuth2.0 authentication server.
3. OAuth2.0 authentication server initiates an authentication request to the user and obtains the user's authorization.
4. The user agrees to the authorization, and the authentication server provides the access token to the client application.
5. Client applications can use tokens to access protected resources in the authentication server.

Before implementing the OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism, we need to understand several important concepts involved in the OAuth2.0 protocol:

1. Resource owner ( resource owner): The user who owns the resource.
2. Client: Third-party application, application that needs to access resources.
3. Authentication server (authorization server): A server responsible for authenticating user identities and authorizing third-party applications to access protected resources.
4. Token: A token used to access protected resources.

How to implement OAuth2.0

Next we will introduce how to use PHP to implement the OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism to enhance the security of the website. The specific implementation process is as follows:

1. Install the PHP OAuth2.0 library

We can use Composer to install the PHP OAuth2.0 library. Enter the project directory from the command line and use the following command:

composer require bshaffer/oauth2-server-php

2. Create OAuth2.0 authentication server

In order to create an OAuth2.0 authentication server, we need to define the following :

• User table: used to store user information and credentials (here we use MySQL to store user information).
• Client table: records all registered client applications.
• Token table: Record all access tokens.
• Token scope table: records the access permissions of all tokens.

Here we take MySQL as an example. You can use the following SQL statements to create the corresponding table:

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_clients` (
  `client_id` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  `client_secret` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  `redirect_uri` varchar(2000) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`client_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_access_tokens` (
  `access_token` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `client_id` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`access_token`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_refresh_tokens` (
  `access_token` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `client_id` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  `user_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`access_token`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_scopes` (
  `scope` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  `is_default` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`scope`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

CREATE TABLE `oauth_jwt` (
  `client_id` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  `subject` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
  `public_key` varchar(2000) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`client_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

3. Configure OAuth2.0 authentication server

Next we need to configure the OAuth2.0 authentication server. We need to define the following:

• Connection information: Server connection information, including database connection and database table name.
• Client information: including client ID, client key and other information.
• Verification information: used to verify user information and client information.

Configuration example:

$config = [
    'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=oauth2;host=localhost',
    'username' => 'root',
    'password' => 'password',
    'auth_client_secret' => 'secret-key',
    'auth_user_table' => 'users',
    'auth_client_table' => 'oauth_clients',
    'auth_token_table' => 'oauth_access_tokens',
    'auth_scope_table' => 'oauth_scopes',
];

4. Create OAuth2.0 controller

Next we need to create an OAuth2.0 controller for Handle the authentication and authorization process of OAuth2.0. The controller mainly includes the following methods:

• authorizeAction(): used to handle authorization requests.
• tokenAction(): used to handle access token requests.
• refreshAction(): used to handle refresh token requests.
• authenticate(): used to verify user identity and client identity.

Controller example:

use OAuth2StoragePdo;

class OAuth2Controller extends PhalconMvcController
{  
    public function authorizeAction()
    {
        // 创建此控制器的实例
        $server = $this->getOAuthServer();
        // 处理授权请求
        $response = new OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeResponse();
        if (!$server->validateAuthorizeRequest(OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeRequest::createFromGlobals(), $response)) {
            return $this->response->setContent(json_encode(['status' => 'fail', 'message' => '授权失败']));
        }
        if ($this->request->isPost()) {
            $is_authorized = (bool) $this->request->getPost('authorized', '');
            $server->handleAuthorizeRequest(OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeRequest::createFromGlobals(), $response, $is_authorized);
            return $response;
        }
        // 显示授权页面
        return $this->view->render('oauth', 'authorize');
    }

    public function tokenAction()
    {
        // 创建此控制器的实例
        $server = $this->getOAuthServer();
        // 处理访问令牌请求
        $response = new OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeResponse();
        $server->handleTokenRequest(OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeRequest::createFromGlobals(), $response);
        return $response;
    }

    public function refreshAction()
    {
        // 创建此控制器的实例
        $server = $this->getOAuthServer();
        // 处理刷新令牌请求
        $response = new OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeResponse();
        $server->handleTokenRequest(OAuth2HttpFoundationBridgeRequest::createFromGlobals(), $response);
        return $response;
    }

    protected function getOAuthServer()
    {
        // 获取连接信息
        $config = $this->config->OAuth2;
        $dsn = $config->dsn;
        $username = $config->username;
        $password = $config->password;
        $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
        $pdoStorage = new OAuth2StoragePdo($pdo, [
            'user_table' => $config->auth_user_table,
            'client_table' => $config->auth_client_table,
            'access_token_table' => $config->auth_token_table,
            'scope_table' => $config->auth_scope_table,
        ]);
        // 创建OAuth2.0服务器实例
        $server = new OAuth2Server($pdoStorage);
        // 配置客户端身份验证
        $server->addGrantType(new OAuth2GrantTypeClientCredentials($pdoStorage));
        // 配置用户身份验证
        $server->addGrantType(new OAuth2GrantTypeUserCredentials($pdoStorage));
        return $server;
    }
}

Conclusion

This article introduces how to use PHP to implement the OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism to enhance the security of the website. The OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism has been widely used in the Internet field and is of great significance in the security of websites and mobile applications. Using the OAuth2.0 authentication and authorization mechanism can provide higher security and better user experience for websites and mobile applications.

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