How to solve duplicate code errors in Python's functions?

Python is an object-oriented and functional programming language that is easy to learn and powerful. But when writing code, it's easy to make a common mistake: there is a lot of repeated code in functions. In this case, we need some techniques to solve this problem. Next, this article will introduce some methods that can effectively avoid repeated code in Python functions.

1. Extract public code

We often find similar code blocks in functions, such as common exception checking, logging, time calculation, etc. We can extract these blocks of code into a separate function and call that function in the original function. This approach can avoid code duplication and improve code readability.

Taking logging as an example, we can define a log(message) function:

import logging

def log(message):
    logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log', level=logging.DEBUG)
    logging.debug(message)

Then call this function in the function that needs to record logs:

def my_function():
    log('starting my_function')

    # 函数体

    log('ending my_function')

In this way, we can avoid duplicate code in each function that needs to be logged, and only need to call a log function.

2. Using function parameters

In Python, we can use function parameters to avoid code duplication. By passing parameters to a function we can perform the same operation but use different data. For example, passing all parameters of one function to another function can avoid duplication of code.

def foo(a, b, c):
    # 函数体

def bar(a, b, c):
    # 函数体

    foo(a, b, c)

    # 函数体

In the above code, the foo function is called in the bar function, and the passed parameters correspond to the parameters of the foo function. In this way, we can use the bar function to call the foo function without repeating it.

3. Using inheritance

Inheritance is an important technique in object-oriented programming. We can avoid code duplication through inheritance. If we define a base class, we can reuse the code in the base class in the derived class.

For example, suppose we have a base class BaseClass that contains a function named _helper. Now we need to use this function in the subclasses ChildClass1 and ChildClass2. We can move the _helper function from the base class to the subclass through inheritance.

class BaseClass:
    def _helper(self):
        # 函数体

class ChildClass1(BaseClass):
    def method1(self):
        self._helper()

class ChildClass2(BaseClass):
    def method2(self):
        self._helper()

In subclasses, we still need to call the _helper function, but we don’t have to write it again in each subclass. Instead, we can solve the problem by simply inheriting the code in the base class.

Summary

Avoiding code duplication in Python functions can improve the readability and maintainability of the code. This article describes three ways to solve this problem: extracting common code, using function parameters, and using inheritance. When writing Python functions, we should avoid duplicating code as much as possible in order to better manage and maintain the code.

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