How to use Linux commands for server management in PHP development

With the development of the Internet, server management has become an increasingly important field. In PHP development, Linux commands can be used to quickly and easily manage servers, debug code and optimize performance. In this article, I will introduce some tips for using Linux commands for server management to help developers complete their work better.

1. SSH connection to the server

Before using Linux commands, you need to connect to the server through SSH. SSH (Secure Shell) is a secure network protocol used to remotely manage the server's operating system. Using SSH to connect to the server requires knowing the server's IP address, username, and password.

In the Linux or MacOS command line, enter the following command:

ssh username@ip_address

Where username is the server login name and ip_address is the server's IP address. After entering the command, you will be prompted for a password. After entering the correct password, you can successfully connect to the server.

2. Linux command

1. View server status

Run the following command to know the current status of the server:

uptime

This command You can query the server running time, current number of users and system load. The running result is similar to:

10:30:50 up 14 days, 18:20, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

Among them, the first number is the server running time; the second number is the current number of users; the last three numbers are the system load, which means from 1 minute, 5 minutes and 15 Load average calculated over minutes.

2. View processes

Run the following command to view the currently running processes:

ps aux

This command can list the details of all running processes Information, including process ID, CPU usage, memory usage, etc. Among them, the parameter "aux" is the option used to display all processes. In the running results, the " " before the process ID indicates that the process is a foreground process, and the absence of " " indicates that the process is a background process.

3. View disk space

Run the following command to view disk space usage:

df -h

This command can display the usage of all disk partitions on the server Condition. Among them, the parameter "-h" means to display the disk space in a human-readable way, that is, automatically converted into more understandable units (GB, MB, KB, etc.).

4. View memory usage

Run the following command to view memory usage:

free -h

This command can display the physical memory and swap file on the server (swap) usage. Likewise, the parameter "-h" means to display the memory usage in a human-readable manner.

5. Copy files

In Linux, use the cp command to copy files. For example, to copy the local file foo.php to the directory /var/www/ on the server, you can run the following command:

scp /path/to/foo.php username@ip_address:/var/www/

where /path/to/foo.php is the path to the local file, / var/www/ is the path to the target directory. Likewise, username@ip_address is the login name and IP address of the server. After running the command, the system will prompt you to enter the password. Enter the correct password to complete the file copy.

6. Move files

In Linux, use the mv command to move files. For example, to move the file foo.php on the server to the directory /var/www/html/, you can run the following command:

mv /var/www/foo.php /var/www/html/

where, /var/www/foo.php is the path to the source file, /var/www/html/ is the path to the target directory.

7. View log files

In Linux, use the tail command to view the latest log file contents. For example, to view the last 10 lines of the Apache log file /var/log/apache/access.log, you can run the following command:

tail -n 10 /var/log/apache/access.log

Among them, the parameter "-n 10" means to display the last 10 lines of the log.

3. Summary

This article introduces some techniques for using Linux commands for server management in PHP development, including SSH connection, viewing server status, viewing processes, viewing disk space, and viewing memory usage. situation, copy files, move files, view log files, etc. These tips can help developers manage servers more efficiently and improve development efficiency and performance.

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