Routing control and management technology in Vue

Vue is a very popular front-end framework. It provides a routing manager for convenient routing control and management. In this article, we will delve into the routing control and management technology in Vue to help developers better understand and apply these technologies.

1. Basics of Vue Router

Vue Router is the official routing manager of Vue.js. It is deeply integrated with the core of Vue.js and can well implement routing control of single-page applications. . Vue Router implements dynamic view updates by managing the mapping between routes and components, effectively isolating the view and data state, making the application structure clearer and easier to maintain.

1.1 Installation and introduction

Before using Vue Router, you need to install it through npm. You can install it through the following command:

npm install vue-router –save

After the installation is complete, you need to introduce Vue Router into the Vue application and perform basic configuration. You can write the following code in the main.js file:

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import App from './App.vue'

Vue.use(VueRouter)

const routes = [{
  path: '/home',
  name: 'home',
  component: () => import('./pages/Home.vue')
}, {
  path: '/about',
  name: 'about',
  component: () => import('./pages/About.vue')
}, {
  path: '/contact',
  name: 'contact',
  component: () => import('./pages/Contact.vue')
}, {
  path: '*',
  redirect: '/home'
}]

const router = new VueRouter({
  mode: 'hash', // hash模式
  routes // 路由路径配置
})

new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  router, // 注册路由器
  render: h => h(App)
})

1.2 Routing Navigation

Vue Router provides multiple ways of routing navigation, including using the router-link tag to navigate and jump to pages. , wait for navigation to complete, etc.

Using the router-link tag in the component can easily implement route navigation, as shown below:

<router-link to="/home">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/about">关于我们</router-link>
<router-link to="/contact">联系我们</router-link>

In addition, programmatic navigation can also be used to implement route jump, as shown below ：

// 基本路由跳转
this.$router.push('/home')

// 带参数的路由跳转
this.$router.push({
  name: 'about',
  params: {
    id: 20,
    name: '张三'
  }
})

// 跳转后执行异步操作
this.$router.push('/about', () => {
  console.log('路由跳转完成')
})

// 返回前一个路由
this.$router.go(-1)

// 返回到命名路由
this.$router.push({
  name: 'home'
})

1.3 Routing Nesting

Vue Router supports the configuration of multi-level nested routing, which can achieve more complex routing control and management. For example, you can define sub-routes and nested sub-routes under the parent route, as shown below:

const routes = [{
  path: '/home',
  name: 'home',
  component: () => import('./pages/Home.vue')
}, {
  path: '/about',
  name: 'about',
  component: () => import('./pages/About.vue'),
  children: [{
    path: 'intro',
    name: 'about-intro',
    component: () => import('./pages/AboutIntro.vue')
  }, {
    path: 'contact',
    name: 'about-contact',
    component: () => import('./pages/AboutContact.vue')
  }]
}]

In the routing component, you can use the tag to occupy the sub-route. The parent route is a component, and the child route is rendered in the tag in this component, as shown below:

<template>
  <div>
    <h2 id="关于我们">关于我们</h2>
    <ul>
      <li><router-link :to="{ name: 'about-intro' }">公司简介</router-link></li>
      <li><router-link :to="{ name: 'about-contact' }">联系我们</router-link></li>
    </ul>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
</template>

2. Vue Router Advanced

In addition to the basic In addition to routing management functions, Vue Router also provides some advanced functions, such as routing parameters, routing guards, dynamic routing, etc. In this section, we describe the usage and implementation of these features.

2.1 Routing parameter passing

In actual development, it is usually necessary to pass some parameters to the routing component, such as the information of the currently logged in user, article list, etc. In Vue Router, parameters can be passed through props attributes.

As shown below, when we define the route, we use the props attribute to transfer parameters:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/user/:userId',
    name: 'User',
    component: User,
    props: true
  }
]

In the routing component, set props to true to use the routing parameters as the component's props attribute is passed. For example:

<template>
  <div>
    <h2 id="User-Details">User Details</h2>
    <p>{{ user.name }}</p>
    <p>{{ user.age }}</p>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: ['user']
}
</script>

At this time, the routing parameters will be passed to the User component as the user attribute, and the component can obtain these parameters through this.user.

2.2 Route guard

Route guard is an important function provided by Vue Router, which can perform operations such as permission verification and login judgment during the route jump process. Vue Router provides three types of route guards: global guards, route-exclusive guards and intra-component guards.

Global guards include beforeEach, beforeResolve and afterEach, which are intercepted before the routing jump, after the jump is successful and after the entire routing process is completed. For example:

// 路由跳转前进行权限验证
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  if (to.meta.requiresAuth) {
    if (authService.isAuthenticated()) {
      next()
    } else {
      next({
        name: 'login'
      })
    }
  } else {
    next()
  }
})

The route exclusive guard can be configured when the route is defined, or it can be configured inside the component. For example:

const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [{
      path: '/admin',
      component: Admin,
      children: [
        {
          path: 'dashboard',
          component: Dashboard,
          beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
            if (authService.isAdmin()) {
              next()
            } else {
              next({
                name: 'login'
              })
            }
          }
        }]
      }]
 })

The guards within the component are the beforeRouteEnter, beforeRouteUpdate and beforeRouteLeave functions defined in the routing component. For example:

export default {
  beforeRouteEnter(to, from, next) {
    console.log('进入路由组件')
    next()
  },
  beforeRouteUpdate(to, from, next) {
    console.log('更新路由组件')
    next()
  },
  beforeRouteLeave(to, from, next) {
    console.log('离开路由组件')
    next()
  }
}

2.3 Dynamic routing

Dynamic routing refers to the technology of dynamically matching routes based on URL parameters. Vue Router provides dynamic matching capabilities based on routing parameters, and can perform routing jumps and component rendering based on different parameters.

For example, when defining a route, you can specify parameters by using a colon ":", as shown below:

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/posts/:postId',
    component: Post,
    props: true
  }
]

Inside the component, you can get the route through this.$route.params Parameters, as shown below:

export default {
  mounted() {
    console.log('PostComponent: ' + this.$route.params.postId)
  }
}

When routing jumps, you can use the $router.push method to perform dynamic route matching, for example:

this.$router.push({
  path: '/posts/' + id
})

3. Summary

This article introduces the basic use and advanced functions of Vue Router, including route navigation, route nesting, route parameter passing, route guards, and dynamic routing. Vue Router is an important routing manager in Vue.js, which can help us better implement routing control and management of front-end applications. I hope this article can inspire you and help you better apply Vue Router technology for development.

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