search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP常用的缓存技术汇总_PHP

一、数据缓存

这里所说的数据缓存是指数据库查询缓存,每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存数据是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,并把查询结果序列化后保存到文件中,以后同样的查询结果就直接从缓存表或文件中获得。

用的最广的例子看Discuz的搜索功能,把结果ID缓存到一个表中,下次搜索相同关键字时先搜索缓存表。
举个常用的方法,多表关联的时候,把附表中的内容生成数组保存到主表的一个字段中,需要的时候数组分解一下,这样的好处是只读一个表,坏处就是两个数据同步会多不少步骤,数据库永远是瓶颈,用硬盘换速度,是这个的关键点。

二、页面缓存

每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存页面文件是否存在,如果不存在,就连接数据库,得到数据,显示页面并同时生成缓存页面文件,这样下次访问的时候页面文件就发挥作用了。(模板引擎和网上常见的一些缓存类通常有此功能)。

三、时间触发缓存

检查文件是否存在并且时间戳小于设置的过期时间,如果文件修改的时间戳比当前时间戳减去过期时间戳大,那么就用缓存,否则更新缓存。

四、内容触发缓存

当插入数据或更新数据时,强制更新缓存。

五、静态缓存

这里所说的静态缓存是指静态化,直接生成HTML或XML等文本文件,有更新的时候重生成一次,适合于不太变化的页面,这就不说了。
以上内容是代码级的解决方案,我直接CP别的框架,也懒得改,内容都差不多,很容易就做到,而且会几种方式一起用,但下面的内容是服务器端的缓存方案,非代码级的,要有多方的合作才能做到。

六、内存缓存

Memcached是高性能的,分布式的内存对象缓存系统,用于在动态应用中减少数据库负载,提升访问速度。
这里说下Memcached的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
$memcache = new Memcache;
$memcache->connect('localhost', 11211) or die ("Could not connect");
$version = $memcache->getVersion();
echo "Server's version: ".$version."\n";
$tmp_object = new stdClass;
$tmp_object->str_attr = 'test';
$tmp_object->int_attr = 123;
$memcache->set('key', $tmp_object, false, 10) or die ("Failed to save data at the server");
echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 10 seconds)\n";
$get_result = $memcache->get('key');
echo "Data from the cache:\n";
var_dump($get_result);

读库的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM users';
$key = md5($sql); //memcached 对象标识符
if ( !($datas = $mc->get($key)) ) {
// 在 memcached 中未获取到缓存数据,则使用数据库查询获取记录集。
echo "n".str_pad('Read datas from MySQL.', 60, '_')."n";
$conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'test', 'test');
mysql_select_db('test');
$result = mysql_query($sql);
while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($result))
$datas[] = $row;
// 将数据库中获取到的结果集数据保存到 memcached 中,以供下次访问时使用。
$mc->add($key, $datas);
} else {
echo "n".str_pad('Read datas from memcached.', 60, '_')."n";
}
var_dump($datas);

七、PHP的缓冲器、加速器

有eaccelerator, apc, phpa,xcache,这个这个就不说了吧,搜索一堆一堆的,自己看啦,知道有这玩意就OK。

八、MYSQL缓存

这也算非代码级的,经典的数据库就是用的这种方式,看下面的运行时间,0.09xxx之类的
我贴段根据蓝色那家伙修改后部分my.ini吧,2G的MYISAM表可以在0.05S左右,据说他前后改了有快一年。

复制代码 代码如下:
[client]
……
default-character-set=gbk
default-storage-engine=MYISAM
max_connections=600
max_connect_errors=500
back_log=200
interactive_timeout=7200
query_cache_size=64M
……
table_cache=512
……
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size=100G
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
key_buffer_size=1024M
read_buffer_size=512M
……
thread_concurrency=8

九、基于反向代理的Web缓存

如Nginx,SQUID,mod_proxy(apache2以上又分为mod_proxy和mod_cache)
NGINX的例子:
复制代码 代码如下:

#user nobody;
worker_processes 4;
error_log logs/error.log crit;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 10240;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
tcp_nodelay on;
# server pool
upstream bspfrontsvr {
server 10.10.10.224:80 weight=1;
server 10.10.10.221:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bspimgsvr {
server 10.10.10.201:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bspstylesvr {
server 10.10.10.202:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bsphelpsvr {
server 10.10.10.204:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bspwsisvr {
server 10.10.10.203:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bspadminsvr {
server 10.10.10.222:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bspbuyersvr {
server 10.10.10.223:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bspsellersvr {
server 10.10.10.225:80 weight=1;
}
upstream bsploginsvr {
server 10.10.10.220:443 weight=1;
}
upstream bspregistersvr {
server 10.10.10.220:80 weight=1;
}
log_format test_com '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ';
#--------------------------------------------------------------------
#img.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name img.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspimgsvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/img.log test_com;
}
#style.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name style.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspstylesvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/style.log test_com;
}
#help.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name help.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bsphelpsvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/help.log test_com;
}
#admin.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name admin.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspadminsvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/admin.log test_com;
}
#buyer.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name buyer.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspbuyersvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/buyer.log test_com;
}
#seller.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name seller.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspsellersvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/seller.log test_com;
}
#wsi.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name wsi.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspwsisvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/wsi.log test_com;
}
#www.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name www.test.com *.test.com;
location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspfrontsvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/www.log test_com;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
#login.test.com
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:443;
server_name login.test.com;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate cert.pem;
ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
proxy_pass https://bsploginsvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/login.log test_com;
}
#login.test.com for register
server {
listen 10.10.10.230:80;
server_name login.test.com;
location / {
proxy_pass http://bspregistersvr;
include proxy_setting.conf;
}
access_log logs/register.log test_com;
}
}

proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

apache mod_proxy的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

ServerName bitsCN.com
ServerAdmin admin@zxsv.com
# reverse proxy setting
ProxyPass / http://bitsCN.com:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http://bitsCN.com:8080/
# cache dir root
CacheRoot "/var/www/proxy"
# max cache storage
CacheSize 50000000
# hour: every 4 hour
CacheGcInterval 4
# max page expire time: hour
CacheMaxExpire 240
# Expire time = (now - last_modified) * CacheLastModifiedFactor
CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1
# defalt expire tag: hour
CacheDefaultExpire 1
# force complete after precent of content retrived: 60-90%
CacheForceCompletion 80
CustomLog /usr/local/apache/logs/jb51_net_access_log combined



十、DNS轮询

BIND是一款开放源码的DNS服务器软件,这个要说起来就大了,自己搜索去,大家知道有这个东西就行了。

我知道的有chinacache等大站就是这样做的,说简单点就是多服务器啦,把同一个页面或文件缓存到不同的服务器上,按南北自动解析到相关的服务器中。

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Beyond the Hype: Assessing PHP's Role TodayBeyond the Hype: Assessing PHP's Role TodayApr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AM

PHP remains a powerful and widely used tool in modern programming, especially in the field of web development. 1) PHP is easy to use and seamlessly integrated with databases, and is the first choice for many developers. 2) It supports dynamic content generation and object-oriented programming, suitable for quickly creating and maintaining websites. 3) PHP's performance can be improved by caching and optimizing database queries, and its extensive community and rich ecosystem make it still important in today's technology stack.

What are Weak References in PHP and when are they useful?What are Weak References in PHP and when are they useful?Apr 12, 2025 am 12:13 AM

In PHP, weak references are implemented through the WeakReference class and will not prevent the garbage collector from reclaiming objects. Weak references are suitable for scenarios such as caching systems and event listeners. It should be noted that it cannot guarantee the survival of objects and that garbage collection may be delayed.

Explain the __invoke magic method in PHP.Explain the __invoke magic method in PHP.Apr 12, 2025 am 12:07 AM

The \_\_invoke method allows objects to be called like functions. 1. Define the \_\_invoke method so that the object can be called. 2. When using the $obj(...) syntax, PHP will execute the \_\_invoke method. 3. Suitable for scenarios such as logging and calculator, improving code flexibility and readability.

Explain Fibers in PHP 8.1 for concurrency.Explain Fibers in PHP 8.1 for concurrency.Apr 12, 2025 am 12:05 AM

Fibers was introduced in PHP8.1, improving concurrent processing capabilities. 1) Fibers is a lightweight concurrency model similar to coroutines. 2) They allow developers to manually control the execution flow of tasks and are suitable for handling I/O-intensive tasks. 3) Using Fibers can write more efficient and responsive code.

The PHP Community: Resources, Support, and DevelopmentThe PHP Community: Resources, Support, and DevelopmentApr 12, 2025 am 12:04 AM

The PHP community provides rich resources and support to help developers grow. 1) Resources include official documentation, tutorials, blogs and open source projects such as Laravel and Symfony. 2) Support can be obtained through StackOverflow, Reddit and Slack channels. 3) Development trends can be learned by following RFC. 4) Integration into the community can be achieved through active participation, contribution to code and learning sharing.

PHP vs. Python: Understanding the DifferencesPHP vs. Python: Understanding the DifferencesApr 11, 2025 am 12:15 AM

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.

PHP: Is It Dying or Simply Adapting?PHP: Is It Dying or Simply Adapting?Apr 11, 2025 am 12:13 AM

PHP is not dying, but constantly adapting and evolving. 1) PHP has undergone multiple version iterations since 1994 to adapt to new technology trends. 2) It is currently widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and other fields. 3) PHP8 introduces JIT compiler and other functions to improve performance and modernization. 4) Use OPcache and follow PSR-12 standards to optimize performance and code quality.

The Future of PHP: Adaptations and InnovationsThe Future of PHP: Adaptations and InnovationsApr 11, 2025 am 12:01 AM

The future of PHP will be achieved by adapting to new technology trends and introducing innovative features: 1) Adapting to cloud computing, containerization and microservice architectures, supporting Docker and Kubernetes; 2) introducing JIT compilers and enumeration types to improve performance and data processing efficiency; 3) Continuously optimize performance and promote best practices.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use