How to verify if a URL address is HTTPS protocol using regular expression in golang

Golang is an efficient programming language that is often used to create web applications. In web applications, URL addresses often need to be validated to ensure they match our goals. In this article, we will introduce how to use regular expressions in Golang to verify whether the URL address is HTTPS protocol.

First, we need to understand the URL format of the HTTPS protocol. The HTTPS protocol URL inherits part of the HTTP protocol URL, but it has some unique characteristics. The basic format of a HTTPS protocol URL is:

https://<host>:<port>/<path>?<query>#<fragment>

where <host></host> represents the host name, which can be a domain name or IP address; <port></port> is Port number, default is 443; <path></path> is the path, pointing to the resource on the server; <query></query> is the query parameter, used to pass additional information to the server;<fragment></fragment> is a fragment, used to locate a specific part within the page.

Next, we will write a function to verify whether the URL is HTTPS protocol. This function will use regular expressions to match URL strings. The following is the code of the verification function:

import "regexp"

func IsHTTPS(url string) bool {
    pattern := `^https://[^/:]+(:d*)?(/.*)?$`
    re := regexp.MustCompile(pattern)
    return re.MatchString(url)
}

In this function, we first define a regular expression pattern pattern, which will match the URL of the HTTPS protocol. The pattern includes the following parts:

• "^https://" indicates that the URL string must start with "https://";
• "¹ "Indicates that the host name part does not contain slashes and colons;
• "(:d*)?" indicates an optional port number, consisting of a colon and some numbers;
• "(/.*)?" indicates the optional path part, consisting of a slash and any characters.

Next, we use the regexp package from the Go standard library to compile the regular expression pattern and store it in a variable re. We then use the MatchString function to test whether the incoming URL string matches the pattern. If the match is successful, true is returned, otherwise false is returned.

Now, we can use the above function to test some URL addresses to see if they conform to the format of the HTTPS protocol. The following are some test cases:

func main() {
    testCases := []string{
        "https://www.example.com",
        "https://www.example.com/",
        "https://www.example.com:8443",
        "https://www.example.com:8443/",
        "https://www.example.com/foo/bar.html",
        "https://www.example.com/foo/bar.html?param=value",
    }
    for _, url := range testCases {
        if IsHTTPS(url) {
            fmt.Printf("%s is valid HTTPS URL
", url)
        } else {
            fmt.Printf("%s is not valid HTTPS URL
", url)
        }
    }
}

In this test case, we define an array of strings, each string contains a URL address. Then, we iterate through this array, and for each URL address, we call the above function IsHTTPS to test whether it is in the format of the HTTPS protocol. If so, we output a message indicating that the address is a valid HTTPS URL, otherwise we output a message indicating that the address is not a valid HTTPS URL.

When we run the above code, we will get the following output:

https://www.example.com is valid HTTPS URL
https://www.example.com/ is valid HTTPS URL
https://www.example.com:8443 is valid HTTPS URL
https://www.example.com:8443/ is valid HTTPS URL
https://www.example.com/foo/bar.html is valid HTTPS URL
https://www.example.com/foo/bar.html?param=value is valid HTTPS URL

All URL addresses are correctly recognized as valid HTTPS addresses.

In this article, we discussed how to use regular expressions in Golang to verify whether a URL address is HTTPS protocol. We wrote a function IsHTTPS that uses a specific regular expression pattern to match the URL string and returns a Boolean value indicating whether it is an address of HTTPS protocol. If you need to validate other types of URL addresses, feel free to modify the pattern as needed.

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