High-speed encryption algorithm and its application in PHP

With the continuous development of network technology, Web applications are becoming more and more popular, and information security in Web applications is becoming increasingly important. In order to solve the problem of information security in Web applications, people have developed many encryption algorithms, the most famous of which are RSA, DES and other algorithms. However, since decryption of encryption algorithms requires a lot of calculations and time, which will bring a large system burden, a type of encryption algorithm that can quickly encrypt and decrypt in a short time has emerged, which is a high-speed encryption algorithm. This article will introduce high-speed encryption algorithms and their applications in PHP.

1. The concept of high-speed encryption algorithm

High-speed encryption algorithm, also known as stream cipher algorithm (Stream Cipher), is an encryption algorithm that can quickly encrypt and decrypt data in a short time. . Different from other encryption algorithms (such as DES, AES, etc.), the high-speed encryption algorithm encrypts plaintext based on a variable-length key stream (Key Stream). The bits of each key stream are generated by the algorithm generator. (Produced by Algorithm Generator). Simply put, high-speed encryption algorithms use the key stream to XOR the plaintext to complete the encryption.

2. High-speed encryption algorithms in PHP

In PHP, high-speed encryption algorithms mainly include Salsa20 and ChaCha20. They are a scalable 32-bit and 64-bit block encryption algorithm that uses high-speed encryption algorithms in the encryption process, so the processing speed is very fast. In addition, the security of Salsa20 and ChaCha20 has also been widely recognized and has been adopted by multiple applications such as Google Chrome.

Salsa20 algorithm

The Salsa20 algorithm is a high-speed encryption algorithm proposed by Daniel J. Bernstein in 2005. It uses a 32-bit word-based encryption function and is capable of encrypting data of any length. During encryption, the Salsa20 algorithm generates a key stream with a size of 64 bytes (512 bits), and then XORs the key stream with plain text to achieve encryption.

Application of Salsa20 algorithm

The following is an example of using the Salsa20 algorithm to implement encryption and decryption in PHP:

$key = 'This is the secret key'; // 密钥
$nonce = '12345678'; // 随机数
$message = 'Hello, world'; // 明文

// 加密
$ciphertext = sodium_crypto_stream_xor($message, $nonce, $key);
echo bin2hex($ciphertext) . "
"; // 输出加密后的密文

// 解密
$plaintext = sodium_crypto_stream_xor($ciphertext, $nonce, $key);
echo $plaintext . "
"; // 输出解密后的明文

In the above example, we used the Sodium extension library The sodium_crypto_stream_xor function in , this function can be used to encrypt and decrypt data of any length.

ChaCha20 algorithm

The ChaCha20 algorithm is a high-speed encryption algorithm proposed by Daniel J. Bernstein in 2008. Similar to the Salsa20 algorithm, the ChaCha20 algorithm also uses an encryption function based on 32-bit words and can encrypt data of any length. During encryption, the ChaCha20 algorithm generates a key stream with a size of 64 bytes (512 bits), and then XORs the key stream with plain text to achieve encryption.

Application of ChaCha20 algorithm

The following is an example of using the ChaCha20 algorithm to implement encryption and decryption in PHP:

$key = 'This is the secret key'; // 密钥
$nonce = '12345678'; // 随机数
$message = 'Hello, world'; // 明文

// 加密
$ciphertext = sodium_crypto_stream_xor($message, $nonce, $key, 20);
echo bin2hex($ciphertext) . "
"; // 输出加密后的密文

// 解密
$plaintext = sodium_crypto_stream_xor($ciphertext, $nonce, $key, 20);
echo $plaintext . "
"; // 输出解密后的明文

In the above example, we also used the Sodium extension The sodium_crypto_stream_xor function in the library only specifies the ChaCha20 algorithm for encryption in the fourth parameter of the function. Compared with the Salsa20 algorithm, the ChaCha20 algorithm uses more constants and more bits when encrypting, so it is more secure and faster in some cases.

3. Summary

High-speed encryption algorithm is an encryption algorithm that can quickly encrypt and decrypt data in a short time and is widely used in Web applications. In PHP, Salsa20 and ChaCha20 are commonly used high-speed encryption algorithms. They use encryption functions based on 32-bit words to generate a key stream during encryption, and then XOR the key stream with plain text to achieve encryption. In actual development, we can use PHP's Sodium extension library to implement encryption and decryption of high-speed encryption algorithms.

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