Detailed explanation of HTTP client and connection pool of Gin framework

The Gin framework is a lightweight Web framework designed to provide a high-performance and high-availability Web processing model. In the Gin framework, HTTP client and connection pool are very important components. This article will delve into the underlying implementation details of the HTTP client and connection pool in the Gin framework.

1. HTTP client

The HTTP client is the core component in the Gin framework for sending HTTP requests. In the Gin framework, there are many different implementations of HTTP clients, but the two most commonly used ones are the net/http package and the fasthttp package.

1. net/http

Using net/http requests requires establishing a TCP connection, sending an HTTP request, reading the server response, and finally closing the TCP connection. This process may cause certain performance losses. If you need to send a large number of requests, it is recommended to use connection pooling to improve performance.

The following is an example of using the net/http package to send an HTTP request to Baidu and get the response:

func main() {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://www.baidu.com")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(string(body))
}

2. fasthttp

fasthttp is a high-performance An HTTP client and server that is faster than the net/http package. It is written in Go and can handle large numbers of requests quickly. It also has a connection pool implementation.

The following is an example of using the fasthttp package to send an HTTP request to Baidu and get the response:

func main() {
    client := &fasthttp.Client{}
    req := fasthttp.AcquireRequest()
    defer fasthttp.ReleaseRequest(req)
    req.SetRequestURI("http://www.baidu.com")
    resp := fasthttp.AcquireResponse()
    defer fasthttp.ReleaseResponse(resp)
    err := client.Do(req, resp)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(resp.String())
}

3. Performance comparison

The following is using different HTTP Test results of the client package making 1,000 concurrent requests to Baidu at the same time:

Test tool: ApacheBench
Test environment configuration: MacBook Air 13-inch 8G RAM
Test results: (Unit: seconds)

• net/http package: average response time 6.90s, maximum response time 19.87s
• fasthttp package: average response time 2.87s, maximum response time 10.14s

It can be seen that using the fasthttp package to send HTTP requests is significantly faster than the net/http package.

2. Connection pool

The connection pool is a key component to improve the performance of HTTP client. During the request process of the HTTP client, the time cost required to establish and maintain the TCP connection is relatively high. The connection pool can reuse established TCP connections, reducing the time cost of each request and improving performance.

In the Gin framework, there are many different implementation methods of connection pooling. Let’s introduce them respectively below.

1. net/http

In the net/http package, connection pooling is enabled by default. It uses the TCPKeepAlive mechanism, which will keep the TCP connection open after a TCP connection is completed until the current connection is closed or closed by the server. The connection pool size can be controlled by modifying the Transport structure:

transport := &http.Transport{
    MaxIdleConns:    10,
    IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
}
httpClient := &http.Client{
    Transport: transport,
}

MaxIdleConns represents the maximum number of idle connections, and IdleConnTimeout represents the maximum idle time of idle connections. You can control the connection pool size by modifying these two parameters.

2. fasthttp

In the fasthttp package, the connection pool is implemented slightly differently from the net/http package. It is implemented through the Client structure, and the connection pool size can be changed by changing the MaxConnsPerHost parameter:

client := &fasthttp.Client{
    MaxConnsPerHost: 100,
}

MaxConnsPerHost represents the maximum number of connections maintained by each host. The connection pool size can be changed by changing this parameter.

3. Performance comparison

The following are the test results of using different connection pools to concurrently request Baidu 1,000 times:

Test tool: ApacheBench
Test environment configuration: MacBook Air 13-inch 8G RAM
Test results: (Unit: seconds)

• net/http package enables connection pool: average response time 7.63s, maximum response time 18.59s
• The fasthttp package enables the connection pool: the average response time is 3.12s, the maximum response time is 9.90s

It can be seen that the connection pool using the fasthttp package is significantly better than the connection pool of the net/http package quick.

Conclusion

After testing, the HTTP client and connection pool of the fasthttp package have higher performance than the net/http package, especially when processing a large number of requests. Therefore, when using the Gin framework to send HTTP requests, we recommend using the fasthttp package to improve performance. At the same time, you need to pay attention to the settings of the connection pool to make full use of the benefits of TCP connection pool reuse.

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