Database read and write separation solution: application in PHP programming

Database read-write separation solution: Application in PHP programming

In the process of Web application development, the database is used to store various data and information of the application, so its stability and reliability is crucial. Many large, high-traffic web applications face database performance and reliability challenges. To this end, a database read-write separation scheme was introduced to address these challenges. This article will explore how to use the database read-write separation scheme in PHP programming to improve application performance and reliability.

1. Basic principles of database read-write separation scheme

Database read-write separation refers to dividing a database server into two parts: one part is dedicated to processing read requests, and the other part is Specifically handles write requests. The purpose of this is to improve the access efficiency and performance of the database and reduce the pressure on the database server.

In the specific implementation process, read-write separation is generally divided into two methods: master-slave backup and dual-master replication. Among them, the master-slave backup scheme distributes read requests to multiple slave servers, while write requests only process operations on the master server. The dual-master replication solution distributes read and write requests equally to multiple servers, and needs to ensure data synchronization between servers.

2. Database read-write separation solution in PHP

In PHP programming, the MySQL database is usually used to store and manage application data. The following introduces the application of two common database read-write separation schemes in PHP:

2.1 Master-slave replication scheme

When using the master-slave replication scheme, the program will write SQL statements and send them to the main server. , and the read SQL statement is sent to the slave server. In order to synchronize data between read and write servers, binary logging technology with a common alias "log bin" needs to be used. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Turn on the binary log function on the main server

Add the following configuration information to the MySQL configuration file my.cnf:

log-bin= mysql-bin #Enable binary logging function
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #Ignore specific databases

(2) Enable binary logging function on the slave server

In the MySQL configuration file Add the following configuration information to my.cnf:

log-bin=mysql-bin # Enable the binary log function
binlog-do-db=dbname # Specify the database that needs to be synchronized

( 3) Set up master-slave synchronization

Execute the following SQL statement on the slave server:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master_host_name', MASTER_USER='replication_user_name', MASTER_PASSWORD='replication_password', MASTER_LOG_FILE= 'recorded_log_file_name', MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position;

(4) Code implementation

In the PHP program, you can use libraries such as PDO or MySQLi to connect to the database server. The code example is as follows:

//Connect to the main writing server
$dbw = new PDO('mysql:host=master_host_name;dbname=dbname;charset=utf-8', 'user_name', 'password', array(PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT = > 1));
//Connect to the slave read server
$dbr = new PDO('mysql:host=slave_host_name;dbname=dbname;charset=utf-8', 'user_name', 'password', array(PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 1));
//Perform a read operation
$stmt = $dbr->query('SELECT * FROM table_name');
//Perform a write operation
$sql = 'INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2) VALUES (:col1, :col2)';
$stmt = $dbw->prepare($sql);
$stmt-> bindValue(':col1', $value1);
$stmt->bindValue(':col2', $value2);
$stmt->execute();

2.2 Double Primary replication scheme

When using the dual-primary replication scheme, the program will equally distribute the reading and writing of SQL statements to the two primary servers. Since there is no slave server, data synchronization between the two master servers needs to be ensured. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) Set up dual master synchronization

Execute the following SQL statements on both master servers:

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='another_master_host_name', MASTER_USER='replication_user_name', MASTER_PASSWORD='replication_password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='recorded_log_file_name', MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position;

(2) Code implementation

In PHP program, you can also use PDO or MySQLi Wait for the library to connect the two main servers. The code example is as follows:

//Connect main server 1
$db1 = new PDO('mysql:host=host_name_1;dbname=dbname;charset=utf-8 ', 'user_name', 'password', array(PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 1));
//Connect to the main server 2
$db2 = new PDO('mysql:host=host_name_2;dbname= dbname;charset=utf-8', 'user_name', 'password', array(PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 1));
//Perform read operation
$stmt = $db1->query ('SELECT * FROM table_name');
//Perform write operation
$sql = 'INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2) VALUES (:col1, :col2)';
$stmt = $db2 ->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindValue(':col1', $value1);
$stmt->bindValue(':col2', $value2);
$stmt->execute();

3. Summary

Through the application of database read-write separation scheme, we can improve the performance and reliability of Web applications. In PHP programming, we can use master-slave replication and dual-master replication to achieve separation of read and write in the database, and choose the solution that suits us according to the actual situation. No matter which solution is adopted, you need to pay attention to details such as synchronization between database servers and the server address and port connected in the code to ensure the successful application of the database read-write separation solution.

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