Familiar with PHP command line script development

As a very popular programming language, PHP is widely used in the field of Web development. However, another noteworthy feature of PHP is the ability to develop command-line scripts for work unrelated to web development. Such as processing data, generating reports, etc.

This article will mainly introduce how to use PHP to develop command line scripts. We will discuss the following aspects:

1. Basic use of PHP command line mode
2. How to write simple command line scripts
3. How to handle command line parameters and options
4. How to use external libraries and frameworks
5. Basic use of PHP command line mode

PHP can be run through command line mode. Enter the "php" command in the terminal to enter command line mode. In command line mode, we can execute PHP code to complete certain operations.

For example, we can enter the following code:

php -r "echo 'Hello world!';"

This line of code will directly output "Hello world!".

2. How to write a simple command line script

The file suffix of PHP command line script is usually .php. We can write a simple command line script in the following way :

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php

echo "Hello world!";

The first line of code "#!/usr/bin/env php" is essential, it tells the system that this is a PHP script and uses the php parser to execute it.

Run this script in the terminal, you can see "Hello world!" is output.

In addition to the echo statement, we also commonly use the following functions:

• print: Similar to the echo statement, it outputs a string. The difference is that the print program always returns 1.
• printf: Formatted output string.

For example, the following code can output the current time:

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php

echo "The current time is " . date('H:i:s') . "
";

3. How to handle command line parameters and options

When writing command line scripts , we usually need to get parameters and options from the command line to perform different tasks. Fortunately, PHP provides a getopt function that can help us deal with command line options.

$options = getopt("a:b:");

getopt function accepts a string parameter, which is used to specify the available options and parameters. Options and parameters are separated by :. For example, "a:b:" means that the "-a" option requires one argument and the "-b" option requires one argument.

Suppose we want to write a script to calculate the sum of two numbers, and we want to get these two numbers from the command line, we can write like this:

#!/usr/bin/env php
Then, enter in the terminal The following command: 
php script.php -a 10 -b 20
 will output "The sum of 10 and 20 is 30.". 
How to use external libraries and frameworks
In the command line script, we can use all functions and class libraries in PHP. In addition, we can also use third-party libraries and frameworks to speed up development. 
For example, if we want to use the Symfony Console component to write more complex command line scripts, just follow these steps: 
Install the Symfony Console component: Yes Use composer to install, the command is: 
composer require symfony/console
Write the script code:
#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php

require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

use SymfonyComponentConsoleApplication;
use SymfonyComponentConsoleInputInputInterface;
use SymfonyComponentConsoleOutputOutputInterface;

$application = new Application();

$application->register('hello')
    ->setDescription('Say hello to someone')
    ->setDefinition([
        new InputArgument('name', InputArgument::REQUIRED, 'Someone to say hello to'),
    ])
    ->setCode(function (InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output) {
        $name = $input->getArgument('name');
        $output->writeln('Hello, '.$name);
    });

$application->run();
Run the script in the terminal: you can execute hello with the following command Command: 
php script.php hello <name>
For example: 
php script.php hello John
 will output "Hello, John". 
Conclusion
This article introduces how to use PHP to develop command line scripts. By learning this skill, you can better utilize PHP for daily tasks such as processing data, generating reports, and more. We teach everything from basic usage to advanced usage (using external libraries and frameworks). Hopefully these sample codes can help you get a better grasp of PHP command line development. 
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