


How to use Python regular expressions to process numbers and amounts
Python正则表达式是一种强大的工具,可帮助我们在文本数据中进行精细、高效的匹配和搜索。在数字和金额的处理中,正则表达式也极为有用,可以准确地找到并提取其中的数字和金额信息。本文将介绍如何使用Python正则表达式处理数字和金额,帮助读者更好地应对实际的数据处理任务。
一、处理数字
1.匹配整数和浮点数
正则表达式中,要匹配整数和浮点数,可以使用d+进行匹配,其中d表示数字的字符集。具体来说,d表示单个数字字符,+表示该字符可出现一次或多次。 在匹配浮点数时,还需要加入小数点和小数部分的匹配。代码如下:
import re text = "Apple price is $16.5, and orange price is $20" re.findall(r'd+.d+|d+', text) #输出 ['16.5', '20']
2.匹配科学计数法
有时候,处理的数字可能是科学计数法的形式,例如1.16e+03。那么该如何进行匹配呢?这里可以使用d+.?d*(eE?d+)?的正则表达式进行匹配,其中[]表示可选的字符。具体来说,该正则表达式表示匹配以小数点开头的数字,接着是一个可选的科学计数法,e或E后面的正负号以及后面的数字。代码如下:
text = 'The universe is 13.8 billion years old' re.findall(r'd+.?d*([eE][-+]?d+)?', text) #输出 ['13.8']
二、处理金额
1.匹配货币符号
在匹配金额时,首先需要匹配货币符号。不同的货币符号有不同的匹配规则,例如美元符号$可以用[$]进行匹配,欧元符号€可以用[€]进行匹配。代码如下:
text = "The price is $16.5" re.findall(r'[$€]', text) #输出 ['$']
2.匹配整数和浮点数金额
在匹配整数和浮点数金额时,可以将正则表达式组合起来。例如,匹配带有美元符号的整数和浮点数金额可以用[$]d+.d+|[$]d+进行匹配。 其中,d+表示小数点前的数字,.表示小数点本身,d+表示小数点后的数字。代码如下:
text = "The price is $16.5" re.findall(r'[$]d+.d+|[$]d+', text) #输出 ['$16.5']
3.匹配货币格式的金额
在匹配货币格式的金额时,需要匹配货币符号、货币数值和千分位分隔符。代码如下:
text = "The prices are $16,500 and €20,000" re.findall(r'[$€](d{1,3}(,d{3})*(.d+)?)', text) #输出 ['16,500', '20,000']
在上述正则表达式中,(d{1,3}(,d{3})*(.d+)?)表示匹配千分位分隔符格式的数值,即第一位可以是1到3个数字,后面可以有任意多个千分位分隔符和数字。(.d+)?表示匹配可能存在的小数部分,即小数点加上一到多个数字。
三、总结
本文介绍了如何使用Python正则表达式处理数字和金额。对于数字的处理,主要是匹配整数、浮点数和科学计数法;对于金额的处理,主要是匹配货币符号、整数和浮点数金额以及货币格式的金额。掌握这些技巧,可以帮助我们更好地应对实际的数据处理任务。当然,正则表达式的语法还有很多,读者可以根据实际需求进行探索和学习。
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