Use Beego and Captcha to implement verification code function

With the development and popularity of the Internet, more and more websites and applications have been developed, many of which require verification codes to ensure user validity and security. This article will introduce how to use the Beego framework and Captcha library to implement the verification code function. Among them, Beego is a web application framework based on Go language, and Captcha is an open source verification code library in Go language.

1. Preparation work for Beego framework

Before implementing the verification code, you need to install the Beego framework and create a new Go application. The Beego framework can be installed using the following command:

go get github.com/astaxie/beego

Then, create a new application and start the service:

beego new myapp
cd myapp
bee run

If all goes well, the application should be accessible in the browser, output "Welcome to Beego!".

2. Installation and use of Captcha library

Next, you need to install the Captcha library. You can use the following command to install:

go get github.com/mojocn/base64Captcha

After the installation is complete, you can import the Captcha library in the Go application and use the following code to generate and verify the verification code:

// 生成验证码
config := captcha.ConfigCharacter{
    Height:             60,
    Width:              240,
    Mode:               captcha.CaptchaModeNumber,
    Complexity:         captcha.CaptchaComplexityNormal,
    CaptchaLen:         4,
    CaptchaTimeout:     1200,
    SubPixel:           false,
    ShowLineOptions:    captcha.OptionShowHollowLine | captcha.OptionShowSineLine,
    Source:             "1234567890",
    BgColor:            "#eeeeee",
}
captchaId, captchaImage := captcha.GenerateCaptcha("", config)

// 验证验证码
result := captcha.VerifyCaptcha(captchaId, userInputCaptcha)

In the above code, first A configuration file config is defined, which specifies various attributes of the verification code, such as width, height, character set, survival time, etc. Then, the verification code is generated by calling the GenerateCaptcha method, and the generated verification code image and verification code ID are returned to the user for display and storage. Finally, the VerifyCaptcha method is called to verify whether the verification code entered by the user is consistent with the previously generated verification code ID.

Note that when calling GenerateCaptcha, the first parameter is an empty string, which means that the verification code generated this time does not need to be associated with any data. If you need to associate it with other data, you can pass the data in the first parameter, such as a mobile phone number or username, etc. When calling VerifyCaptcha, the first parameter passes the previously generated verification code ID, and the second parameter passes the verification code entered by the user.

3. Implementing the verification code function in Beego

With the preparation of Beego and Captcha, you can implement the verification code function in the Beego application. First, generate the verification code and display the verification code image in Beego's controller. The code is as follows:

// 生成验证码
func (c *MainController) GenerateCaptcha() {
    config := captcha.ConfigCharacter{
        Height:         60,
        Width:          240,
        Mode:           captcha.CaptchaModeNumber,
        Complexity:     captcha.CaptchaComplexityNormal,
        CaptchaLen:     4,
        CaptchaTimeout: 1200,
        SubPixel:       false,
        Source:         "1234567890",
        BgColor:        "#eeeeee",
    }
    captchaId, captchaImage := captcha.GenerateCaptcha("", config)

    // 将验证码及其ID存储到session中，并返回图片
    c.SetSession(sessionCaptchaId, captchaId)
    c.Ctx.ResponseWriter.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache")
    c.Ctx.ResponseWriter.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/png")
    captchaImage.WriteTo(c.Ctx.ResponseWriter)
}

// 验证验证码
func (c *MainController) CheckCaptcha() {
    publicKey := c.GetString("public_key")
    inputCaptcha := c.GetString("input_captcha")

    // 从session中获取验证码ID
    captchaId := c.GetSession(sessionCaptchaId)
    if captchaId == nil {
        c.ResponseError(errNoCaptchaFound)
        return
    }

    // 验证输入的验证码
    if !captcha.VerifyCaptcha(captchaId.(string), inputCaptcha) {
        c.ResponseError(errCaptchaNotMatch)
        return
    }

    // 验证码匹配成功，移除验证码ID
    c.DelSession(sessionCaptchaId)

    // TODO: 验证通过，执行其他操作
}

In the above code, first generate the verification code in the GenerateCaptcha method and store the verification code and its ID in the session. middle. Then, return the generated verification code image to the client. In the CheckCaptcha method, obtain the verification code ID from the session and use the VerifyCaptcha method to verify whether the verification code entered by the user is correct. If the verification is successful, the verification code ID will be removed and other actions will be performed.

Finally, add the following routing rules to Beego's routing:

beego.Router("/captcha/generate", &controllers.MainController{}, "get:GenerateCaptcha")
beego.Router("/captcha/check", &controllers.MainController{}, "post:CheckCaptcha")

In this way, the implementation of the verification code function is completed. When accessing /captcha/generate, a new verification code will be generated, its ID will be stored in the session, and the verification code image will be returned to the client. When accessing /captcha/check, the verification code entered by the user will be obtained from the HTTP POST request and verified whether it is consistent with the previously generated verification code ID. If they match, the verification code ID will be removed and other operations will be performed.

Summary

This article introduces how to use Beego and Captcha to implement the verification code function. The Beego framework provides good web development support, and the Captcha library provides good verification code generation and verification support. By combining the two, the verification code function can be easily implemented to improve the security and robustness of web applications.

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