Application of elastic design and failover in Spring Cloud microservice architecture

With the rapid development of the Internet and the continuous changes in user needs, more and more enterprises are beginning to apply microservice architecture to build systems centered on user needs, and Spring Cloud, as a lightweight and efficient micro The service framework has been widely welcomed. However, when building microservice applications, you also need to consider the design's resiliency and failover mechanisms. This article will discuss the application of elastic design and failover in Spring Cloud microservice architecture.

1. Elastic Design

In the microservice architecture, the availability and stability of the service are crucial. In order to ensure the reliability of the service, we need to design the service elastically. Elastic design mainly includes the following aspects:

1. Service fault-tolerant design

In Spring Cloud, the fault-tolerant design of services is mainly implemented through circuit breakers. The circuit breaker monitors the status of the service and automatically switches to the backup service when the service fails or times out. When using a circuit breaker, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

(1) Set the timeout: When calling the service, you need to set a reasonable timeout. If the service cannot return results within the specified time, the circuit breaker will trigger and automatically switch to the backup service.

(2) Set retry parameters: If the service call fails, you can let the service retry multiple times by setting the number of retries and retry time parameters.

(3) Set fuse parameters: When the service failure rate exceeds a certain threshold, the circuit breaker will activate the fuse and stop calling the service until the service improves or exceeds a certain period of time. Try calling.

2. Service current limiting design

In microservices, some highly concurrent requests may cause the service to collapse. In order to avoid this situation, the service needs to be Design a current limiting strategy. In Spring Cloud, we can limit traffic through the token bucket algorithm or the funnel bucket algorithm.

3. Service downgrade design

In high concurrency situations, in order to ensure the availability of core services, you can downgrade services to ensure the normal operation of the system. At the same time, you need to pay attention to the following aspects during the service downgrade process:

(1) Retain necessary functions as much as possible to prevent the service from not working properly.

(2) Set up a downgrade page so that users can know in time that the service is being downgraded to avoid unnecessary panic and misunderstanding.

2. Failover

In addition to elastic design, failover is also an indispensable part of building microservice applications. In Spring Cloud, we can implement failover in the following two ways:

1. Ribbon

Ribbon is a load balancer component in Spring Cloud, which can Detect service availability and distribute requests to different service nodes according to certain rules. When using Ribbon, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

(1) Set the request timeout. When the request times out, Ribbon will automatically forward the request to other available services.

(2) Set the health check of the service. Ribbon will automatically detect the availability of the service and forward the request to the available service.

2. Hystrix

Hystrix is ​​a circuit breaker component in Spring Cloud. It can automatically monitor all services called through it and automatically switch when the service fails. to backup services. When using Hystrix, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

(1) Set the threshold of the circuit breaker. When the failure rate exceeds a certain threshold, the circuit breaker will automatically switch to the backup service.

(2) Set the timeout time of the service. If the service cannot return results within the specified time, the circuit breaker will automatically switch to the backup service.

Conclusion

Elastic design and failover are also an integral part of building microservice applications. They can ensure the availability and stability of microservices, thereby providing users with a better service experience. . In Spring Cloud, we can use components such as circuit breakers, current limiting, degradation, Ribbon, and Hystrix to achieve elastic design and failover. At the same time, when using these components, you need to pay attention to the settings of some key parameters to ensure that the service can work properly.

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