Implementing microservice governance based on Spring Cloud container

With the development of the Internet and cloud computing, more and more companies are beginning to adopt microservice architecture to build and deploy software systems. In a microservices architecture, the system is split into multiple small, autonomous service units, each with its own application, data storage, and business logic. The advantage of this architectural style is that it improves the resiliency, scalability, and maintainability of the application. However, microservice architecture also brings some challenges, such as service discovery, load balancing, fault tolerance, visualization, etc., which require powerful microservice governance tools to solve. Spring Cloud is a microservice framework based on Spring Boot. It provides a series of microservice governance technologies to allow developers to build and manage microservice applications more conveniently.

Spring Cloud container is one of the core components of Spring Cloud. It provides a variety of microservice governance functions, such as service registration and discovery, configuration management, circuit breakers, etc. In this article, we will introduce how to implement microservice governance using Spring Cloud containers.

1. Service registration and discovery

In the microservice architecture, calling between services requires knowing the network address of the service, and the service address changes frequently. This requires a service registration and discovery mechanism to manage service addresses. Spring Cloud container provides Eureka to solve this problem.

Eureka is Netflix's open source service registration and discovery component. It implements basic functions of service registration and discovery based on RESTful API, and also provides advanced functions such as service health check, load balancing and failover. Using Eureka in Spring Cloud is very simple. You only need to introduce relevant dependencies into the Spring Boot project and configure application.yml or application.properties. The following is a simple application.yml configuration example:

spring:
  application:
    name: service-provider
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: http://config-server:8888 # 配置中心地址
    consul:
      host: consul-server # 基于Consul模式时Consul服务器地址
  profiles:
    active: dev
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/ # Eureka注册中心地址
  instance:
    preferIpAddress: true
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false # 测试场景，不关闭则Eureka客户端会每隔30s向Eureka Server发送一次心跳包作为健康检查，因为测试场景是手动杀掉实例，所以不执行自我保护

In the above configuration file, we configured the service name as service-provider, using the Eureka registration center, and using the Spring Cloud Config configuration center and Consul service. It is found that these configuration items can be modified according to needs. It is very convenient to use the Eureka registration center. You only need to add the @EnableEurekaClient annotation to the startup class to register the service into the Eureka Server.

2. Configuration management

In the microservice architecture, service configuration management is also a very important issue. Spring Cloud provides the Config Server component to implement microservice configuration management. Config Server can store configuration information locally (code management tools such as Git, Svn) or remote repositories (such as GitHub), and the client can use the Restful API to Obtain configuration information and automatically refresh the cache.

Using Config Server in Spring Cloud is very simple. You only need to introduce relevant dependencies into the Spring Boot project and configure application.yml or application.properties. The following is a simple application.yml configuration example:

spring:
  application:
    name: config-server
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: https://github.com/Alice52/spring-cloud-config-example.git # 配置文件所在的远程仓库
          search-paths: {config} # 配置文件所在的搜索路径
server:
  port: 8888 # 配置Server的端口

In the above configuration file, we configured the name of the Config Server as config-server, the started port as 8888, and used Git to manage the configuration file. , the address of the configuration file is https://github.com/Alice52/spring-cloud-config-example.git. For the client, you only need to add @EnableAutoConfiguration and @EnableConfigServer annotations to the startup class to allow the client to obtain configuration information from the Config Server.

3. Service Call

In the microservice architecture, services call each other through the network-based RESTful API. However, for service calls, sometimes load balancing is required, and at the same time Circuit breaker protection is required to prevent service degradation or outage.

Spring Cloud provides the Ribbon component to provide load balancing functions, and also provides the Hystrix component to provide circuit breaker functions. Using Ribbon and Hystrix in Spring Cloud is also very simple. You only need to introduce relevant dependencies into the Spring Boot project and configure application.yml or application.properties. The following is a simple application.yml configuration example:

spring:
  application:
    name: service-consumer
server:
  port: 8080
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    preferIpAddress: true
    instanceId: ${spring.cloud.client.ipAddress}:${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false # 测试场景，不关闭则Eureka客户端会每隔30s向Eureka Server发送一次心跳包作为健康检查，因为测试场景是手动杀掉实例，所以不执行自我保护

In the above configuration file, we configured the service name as service-consumer, used the Eureka registration center, and turned on the self-protection mechanism of the service to Prevent Eureka Server from detecting service failure and removing it. When the client calls the service, it uses Ribbon for load balancing, and also configures Hystrix as a circuit breaker to ensure the high availability and stability of the service.

4. Summary

This article introduces how to use Spring Cloud container to implement microservice governance, including service registration and discovery, configuration management and service invocation. Through components such as Eureka, Config Server, Ribbon and Hystrix provided by Spring Cloud, developers can more easily build and manage microservice applications. Of course, there are many other aspects involved in the microservice architecture, such as service gateways, distributed tracking, and secret key management. We will introduce these contents in subsequent articles.

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