Unit testing and integration testing based on Spring Boot

With the continuous development of software development, testing has become more and more important. In agile development, testing is an important link. Testing is divided into two types: unit testing and integration testing. Unit testing tests small, independent parts of the code; integration testing tests the entire system. This article will focus on unit testing and integration testing based on Spring Boot.

1. Unit testing

The Spring Boot framework provides a complete unit testing framework. By using the Spring Boot Test framework, we can easily write test cases. The following is a simple test case:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void testFindById() {
        User user = userService.findById(1L);
        Assert.assertNotNull(user);
        Assert.assertEquals("张三", user.getName());
    }
}

Among them, the @RunWith annotation specifies the test runner as SpringRunner.class, which is used to load the Spring ApplicationContext context. @SpringBootTestSpecifies the Spring Boot application to be loaded and starts the application context for testing.

In the test case, we automatically assemble the UserService by using the @Autowired annotation and call the findById method for testing. Determine whether the return value meets expectations by using the Assert statement.

2. Integration testing

Spring Boot provides a variety of testing methods to complete integration testing. We can use the @SpringBootTest annotation to load a Spring Boot application and use TestRestTemplate to send HTTP requests.

The following is an example:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testFindById() {
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject("/users/1", User.class);
        Assert.assertEquals("张三", user.getName());
    }
}

Among them, the webEnvironment parameter value in @SpringBootTest is WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT, Indicates using a random port to start the application context. TestRestTemplate is used to send HTTP requests. In the test case, we send an HTTP GET request to /users/1 and use the Assert statement to determine whether the return value meets expectations.

3. Summary

Spring Boot provides a complete set of unit testing and integration testing frameworks, which can easily write test cases. In actual development, we should write as many test cases as possible to ensure code quality and stability. At the same time, we can also complete test automation and improve development efficiency and quality by integrating CI/CD tools.

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