How to use Spring Boot to build large-scale Internet systems

With the continuous development of the Internet, more and more enterprises are beginning to use Spring Boot to build large-scale Internet systems, because the Spring Boot framework is simple to use, easy to expand and integrate, and it also allows developers to quickly build efficient and scalable systems. s application.

In this article, we will explore how to use Spring Boot to build large-scale Internet systems, including the following topics:

1. Choose the appropriate technology stack
2. Building a Spring Boot project
3. Set up database
4. Configure server
5. Add security authentication
6. Develop RESTful API
7. Write unit test
8. Deploy Go to the production environment
9. Choose the appropriate technology stack

When building a large-scale Internet system, it is very important to choose the appropriate technology stack. The Spring Boot framework integrates with multiple technology stacks, so the most appropriate technology can be selected based on the specific requirements of the project.

For example, if you need a database with fast queries, you can choose to use Spring Data JPA or Spring Data MongoDB; if you need to use messaging in your application, you can use Spring Boot's integrated message queue framework Spring AMQP or Spring Integration. When choosing technology, you also need to consider the skills and experience of your team members.

2. Building a Spring Boot project

Building a Spring Boot project is very simple. You can download the Spring Initializr wizard from Spring's official website and use the wizard to create a Spring Boot project template. You can choose the basic configuration options you want, such as web, security, database settings, caching, reporting, and build and deployment tools.

It is recommended to use basic Maven or Gradle dependencies when building the project, and add other dependencies according to project needs. Necessary plug-ins or modules can be added according to business needs to expand project functionality.

3. Set up the database

When building a large-scale Internet system, it is necessary to store large amounts of data and be able to retrieve it quickly. Spring Boot provides a variety of persistence technologies, such as JPA, Hibernate, MyBatis and Spring Data.

You can use the required database technology by adding the corresponding dependencies in the configuration file. For example, when using MySQL, you need to add the following configuration in the pom.xml file:

<dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

Then, you can use the application.properties or application.yml file for database configuration.

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_name
spring.datasource.username=user_name
spring.datasource.password=password
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4. Configuring the server

In the development environment, you can use embedded Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow as the web server. However, in a production environment, you should choose a mature and stable web server, such as Nginx, Apache or Tomcat. You need to choose the web server that best suits your needs based on the actual situation.

When configuring the production environment, factors such as response speed, reliability, and security should be taken into consideration. Nginx reverse proxy can be used to increase response speed and prevent security attacks. You can use Tomcat's vertical expansion and horizontal expansion capabilities to increase the reliability and scalability of your application.

5. Join security certification

When building large-scale Internet systems, security is a very important consideration. Spring Boot provides some standard security authentication methods, such as form-based authentication, HTTP basic authentication, JWT token authentication and OAuth2 authorization.

You can use the Spring Security framework to implement these security authentication methods. Spring Security provides some predefined security filters to handle issues such as authentication, authorization, and attack protection.

6. Developing RESTful API

Using RESTful API is very useful when building large-scale Internet systems. RESTful API is a standardized web services architecture that breaks web applications into small, reusable modules for faster iterative design and development.

Spring Boot provides a built-in RESTful API framework Spring MVC, as well as some annotations for handling HTTP requests and responses. RESTful resources can be defined by creating controllers and using annotations in controller methods to define properties and behaviors.

For example, the following example shows how to use Spring MVC annotations and controller methods to define RESTful resources.

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {

  @Autowired
  private UserService userService;

  @GetMapping("/users")
  public List<UserDTO> getUsers() {
    List<UserDTO> users = userService.getUsers();
    return users;
  }

  @GetMapping("/users/{userId}")
  public UserDTO getUser(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId) {
    UserDTO user = userService.getUser(userId);
    return user;
  }

  @PostMapping("/users")
  public UserDTO createUser(@RequestBody UserDTO userDTO) {
    UserDTO user = userService.createUser(userDTO);
    return user;
  }

  @PutMapping("/users/{userId}")
  public UserDTO updateUser(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId, @RequestBody UserDTO userDTO) {
    UserDTO user = userService.updateUser(userId, userDTO);
    return user;
  }

  @DeleteMapping("/users/{userId}")
  public void deleteUser(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId) {
    userService.deleteUser(userId);
  }
}

7. Writing unit tests

When building a large Internet system, a large number of unit tests should be written to ensure the correctness and reliability of the application while shortening development iteration cycle. Using the Spring Boot Test framework, you can write test classes and test methods, test controllers and services, etc.

You can use the Mockito framework to simulate the behavior of controllers and services for testing without actual HTTP requests and database connections. Mockito also provides many useful methods for verifying method calls and expected behavior.

For example, the following example shows how to write test classes and test methods using JUnit and Mockito frameworks.

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserControllerTest {

  @Autowired
  private UserController userController;

  @MockBean
  private UserService userService;

  @Test
  public void testGetUsers() {
    UserDTO user1 = new UserDTO(1L, "John", "Doe");
    UserDTO user2 = new UserDTO(2L, "Jane", "Doe");

    List<UserDTO> userList = new ArrayList<>();
    userList.add(user1);
    userList.add(user2);

    Mockito.when(userService.getUsers()).thenReturn(userList);

    ResponseEntity<List<UserDTO>> response = userController.getUsers();

    assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK, response.getStatusCode());
    assertEquals(2, response.getBody().size());
  }

  @Test
  public void testCreateUser() {
    UserDTO user = new UserDTO(null, "John", "Doe");

    Mockito.when(userService.createUser(user)).thenReturn(user);

    ResponseEntity<UserDTO> response = userController.createUser(user);

    assertEquals(HttpStatus.CREATED, response.getStatusCode());
    assertNotNull(response.getBody().getId());
  }
}

8. Deploy to production environment

When deploying a Spring Boot application, it should be packaged as an executable jar file. During Run or Package, the Spring Boot plug-in will automatically package the application and all its dependencies into an executable jar file.

In a production environment, it is recommended to use automation tools such as Jenkins, Ansible or Docker to automatically upgrade applications. Using Jenkins and Docker, you can set up a CI/CD pipeline to build, test, and deploy your application, and automatically scale your application when needed. You can use Ansible to manage server clusters and automate the deployment and maintenance of applications.

In this article, we introduce how to use Spring Boot to build large-scale Internet systems. From choosing a technology stack, building the project, setting up the database and configuring the web server, to adding security certifications, developing RESTful APIs, writing unit tests and deploying to production, these steps are all important in building efficient and scalable applications. Spring Boot's simplicity, ease of extension, and integration make it the preferred framework for application development.

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