Using Zookeeper and Dubbo to implement distributed service governance in Beego

With the continuous development of Internet business, a single service node can no longer meet the needs of high concurrency and high availability. Therefore, distributed architecture has become a modern development method and one of the technologies that must be mastered.

In a distributed architecture, service governance is a complex and important issue. In order to ensure the high availability, quality, and performance of services, service governance needs to implement multiple functions such as service registration, discovery, load balancing, failover, and monitoring. Zookeeper and Dubbo are leaders in distributed service governance. They can work together to realize the entire process of service governance.

This article will introduce how to use Zookeeper and Dubbo to implement distributed service governance in the Beego framework.

1. Zookeeper

Zookeeper is an open source distributed coordination service. It was originally developed by Yahoo and has now become a top-level project of Apache. It can manage a large number of nodes and coordinate, synchronize, and monitor them to achieve high availability and service discovery functions.

1. Installing and starting Zookeeper

First, you need to download the stable version of Zookeeper from the official Zookeeper website https://zookeeper.apache.org/. After decompressing, configure zoo.cfg file. To start Zookeeper in stand-alone mode, you only need to add a line of configuration in the zoo.cfg file:

server.1=localhost:2888:3888

Among them, 1 represents the number in the Zookeeper cluster, localhost:2888:3888 represents the IP, port and port monitored by the Zookeeper node. Election port.

Next, run the following command to start Zookeeper:

./zkServer.sh start

You can use the following command to check whether Zookeeper is started successfully:

echo ruok | nc localhost 2181

If Zookeeper is running normally, "imok" is returned to indicate that the startup is successful. .

2. Use ZkGo for Zookeeper operations

There are multiple Zookeeper libraries to choose from in the Go language, among which the more popular and stable one is ZkGo. Using ZkGo, you can easily connect to Zookeeper, create nodes, monitor node changes, etc.

To use ZkGo in the Beego framework of Go language, you need to install the ZkGo dependency first:

go get github.com/samuel/go-zookeeper/zk

Then, you can operate the Zookeeper node in the code, for example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
    "github.com/samuel/go-zookeeper/zk"
)

func main() {
    // 连接Zookeeper服务器
    conn, _, err := zk.Connect([]string{"localhost:2181"}, time.Second*5)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    // 创建一个节点
    path, err := conn.Create("/test", []byte("hello world"), 0, zk.WorldACL(zk.PermAll))
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Created znode:", path)

    // 获取该节点的值
    data, _, err := conn.Get(path)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("Get znode %s: %s
", path, data)

    // 删除该节点
    err = conn.Delete(path, -1)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Deleted znode:", path)
}

In In the above example, first connect to the Zookeeper server through the zk.Connect method, and then use the zk.Create method to create a node named "/test" and add the "hello world" character String as node data. Then use the zk.Get method to obtain the data of the "/test" node, and use the zk.Delete method to delete the node.

2. Dubbo

Dubbo is a high-performance distributed service framework and one of Alibaba’s open source projects. Dubbo provides multiple functions such as service registration, discovery, load balancing, failover, etc., and supports multiple RPC communication protocols.

1. Installing and starting Dubbo

First, you need to download the Dubbo framework. The official website is https://github.com/apache/dubbo-go. After unzipping, enter dubbo /go-server/demo directory, use the following command to start Dubbo:

go run main.go

After startup, you can view the running status of Dubbo through Dubbo's Web management console.

2. Use Dubbo to register and call services

The integration of Beego framework and Dubbo requires the use of DubboGo SDK, which can be installed through the following command:

go get github.com/apache/dubbo-go

Use DubboGo The SDK can easily access the RPC services provided by Dubbo. In the Beego framework, you can register and call the services provided by Dubbo through the following code:

import (
    "github.com/apache/dubbo-go/config"
    "github.com/apache/dubbo-go/registry"
)

// 注册Dubbo服务
func RegisterDubboService() {
    // 配置Dubbo服务注册中心
    config.GetApplicationConfig().Name = "my-application"
    config.GetProviderConfig().Registry = registry.NewZookeeperRegistry("127.0.0.1:2181")
    // 注册服务
    err := config.RegisterProvider(
        &config.ServiceConfig{
            InterfaceName: "org.apache.dubbo.DemoService",
            Protocol:      "dubbo",
            Ip:            "127.0.0.1",
            Port:          20880,
            MethodConfigs: []*config.MethodConfig{
                &config.MethodConfig{
                    Name: "SayHello",
                },
            },
            Registry: config.GetProviderConfig().Registry,
        },
        new(DemoServiceImpl),
    )
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

// 调用Dubbo服务
func CallDubboService() {
    // 配置Dubbo服务发现中心
    config.GetConsumerConfig().Registry = registry.NewZookeeperRegistry("127.0.0.1:2181")
    // 调用服务
    reference, err := config.NewReference(&config.ReferenceConfig{
        InterfaceName: "org.apache.dubbo.DemoService",
        Urls:          []string{"dubbo://127.0.0.1:20880/org.apache.dubbo.DemoService"},
        Registry:      config.GetConsumerConfig().Registry,
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    demoService := reference.(*DemoService)
    res, err := demoService.SayHello("Dubbo")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(res)
}

In the above code, first use DubboGo SDK to register the service, and then use DubboGo SDK to call the service. When registering a service, you need to first configure the Dubbo service registration center, and then define the service's interface name, protocol, IP address, port, method configuration and other information. When calling a service, you need to configure the Dubbo service discovery center and create a Dubbo service reference using the service URL and interface name provided by Dubbo.

3. Integrate Zookeeper and Dubbo

To integrate Zookeeper and Dubbo in the Beego framework, you need to register the Dubbo service first, and then use the service URL provided by Dubbo to register the Dubbo node in Zookeeper. This can be achieved with the following code:

import (
    "github.com/apache/dubbo-go/config"
    "github.com/apache/dubbo-go/registry"
    "github.com/samuel/go-zookeeper/zk"
)

// 集成Zookeeper和Dubbo
func IntegrateZkDubbo() {
    // 配置Dubbo服务注册中心
    config.GetApplicationConfig().Name = "my-application"
    config.GetProviderConfig().Registry = registry.NewZookeeperRegistry("127.0.0.1:2181")

    // 注册Dubbo服务
    err := config.RegisterProvider(
        &config.ServiceConfig{
            InterfaceName: "org.apache.dubbo.DemoService",
            Protocol:      "dubbo",
            Ip:            "127.0.0.1",
            Port:          20880,
            MethodConfigs: []*config.MethodConfig{
                &config.MethodConfig{
                    Name: "SayHello",
                },
            },
            Registry: config.GetProviderConfig().Registry,
        },
        new(DemoServiceImpl),
    )
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    // 将Dubbo服务URL注册到Zookeeper
    conn, _, err := zk.Connect([]string{"localhost:2181"}, time.Second*5)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    serviceURL := fmt.Sprintf("dubbo://127.0.0.1:20880/org.apache.dubbo.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=my-application&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=false&interface=org.apache.dubbo.DemoService&loadbalance=random&methods=SayHello&pid=1&side=provider&timeout=1000000")
    _, err = conn.Create("/dubbo/org.apache.dubbo.DemoService/providers/"+serviceURL, nil, zk.FlagEphemeral, zk.WorldACL(zk.PermAll))
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

In the above code, first use DubboGo SDK to register the service, then obtain the Dubbo service URL, and register the Dubbo service URL information to Zookeeper. First connect to the Zookeeper server through the zk.Connect method, and then use the zk.Create method to create a service URL named "/dubbo/org.apache.dubbo.DemoService/providers/service URL" in Zookeeper node, where the node data is empty and the node type is zk.FlagEphemeral, indicating that this is a temporary node. After the node is successfully created, the Dubbo service will be registered on Zookeeper.

4. Testing

After using the Beego framework to integrate Zookeeper and Dubbo, you can test the Dubbo service through HTTP requests to verify the implementation of the service governance function. You can use HTTP tools such as Postman to construct the HTTP request header using the Dubbo service URL, and then add the request parameters in the message body to initiate a Dubbo service call. For example, assume that the URL of Dubbo service is:

dubbo://127.0.0.1:20880/org.apache.dubbo.DemoService?anyhost=true&application=my-application&dubbo=2.0.2&generic=false&interface=org.apache.dubbo.DemoService&loadbalance=random&methods=SayHello&pid=1&side=provider&timeout=1000000

When using Postman to simulate Dubbo service call, you can add the following parameters in the HTTP request body (Content-Type is application/json):

{
    "methodName": "SayHello",
    "parameterTypes": [
        "java.lang.String"
    ],
    "arguments": [
        "Dubbo"
    ]
}

After sending an HTTP request, you can obtain the call result of the service.

Summarize

Distributed service governance is a complex and important issue. Integrating Zookeeper and Dubbo in the Beego framework can realize service registration, discovery, load balancing, failover and other functions, improving the reliability and high availability of distributed systems. Provide strong protection. We can learn and use the code examples provided in this article, master the core technology of distributed service governance, and apply it in actual projects.

The above is the detailed content of Using Zookeeper and Dubbo to implement distributed service governance in Beego. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!