Use match expressions in PHP8 to make your code beautiful and efficient

With the continuous development and improvement of the PHP programming language, many interesting new features and syntax sugar have been introduced in the PHP8 version. This article will introduce one of the syntactic sugars that makes your code more beautiful and efficient—match expressions.

The match expression is based on the switch statement, but it has a more compact syntax and can return a variable, making the code look more concise and easier to understand.

Syntax for using match expressions:

match ($value) {
    pattern => statement,
    pattern2 => statement2,
...
    default => statementN
}

Here, the parameter of the match expression is a $value variable, indicating the value that needs to be compared. We can then use pattern to match the value of $value and execute the statement statement.

The following is an example that demonstrates how match expressions can improve code readability:

Code without match expressions:

function getDayOfWeek($day) {
    $result = "";
    switch ($day) {
        case 0:
            $result = "Sunday";
            break;
        case 1:
            $result = "Monday";
            break;
        case 2:
            $result = "Tuesday";
            break;
        case 3:
            $result = "Wednesday";
            break;
        case 4:
            $result = "Thursday";
            break;
        case 5:
            $result = "Friday";
            break;
        case 6:
            $result = "Saturday";
            break;
    }
    return $result;
}

Code with match expressions:

function getDayOfWeek($day) {
    return match ($day) {
        0 => "Sunday",
        1 => "Monday",
        2 => "Tuesday",
        3 => "Wednesday",
        4 => "Thursday",
        5 => "Friday",
        6 => "Saturday",
    };
}

You will find that after rewriting this function using match expressions, the code is more readable and streamlined, and duplicate code can also be removed.

At the same time, using match expressions can simplify nesting in multiple conditional statements.

function getDiscountPercentage($age, $residency) {
    if ($age >= 65 && $residency === 'YES') {
        return 20;
    } elseif ($age >= 65 && $residency === 'NO') {
        return 10;
    } elseif ($age < 65 && $residency === 'YES') {
        return 10;
    } else {
        return 5;
    }
}

Using match expressions can make the above code more efficient and concise.

function getDiscountPercentage($age, $residency) {
    return match (true) {
        $age >= 65 && $residency === 'YES' => 20,
        $age >= 65 && $residency === 'NO' => 10,
        $age < 65 && $residency === 'YES' => 10,
        default => 5,
    };
}

Using match expressions can make the code more efficient, concise and readable.

When refactoring your code, we recommend that you consider using match expressions to improve code efficiency and readability.

Of course, the match expression is not a universal solution for all situations, but for some scenarios it can play a role in optimizing the code and improve the efficiency and readability of the code.

Finally, another benefit of using match expressions is that it makes your code more consistent, because you are more likely to write similar code rather than writing many different if/elseif statements.

In short, using match expressions will greatly improve the readability, maintainability and efficiency of your code.

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