How to optimize PHP code using Zephir caching technology

In current Internet application development, PHP has a very wide range of applications. However, as a scripting language, PHP may cause performance problems when processing large amounts of data. In order to solve this problem, we can use Zephir caching technology to optimize PHP code and improve its execution efficiency.

1. First introduction to Zephir caching technology

Zephir is a language for writing high-performance PHP extensions. Its syntax is based on PHP and can be compiled into a C extension to improve the performance of PHP scripts.

The core idea of ​​Zephir is to compile PHP scripts into C-like language extensions to improve the performance of PHP programs. Because the compiled extension is a locally executable binary file, Zephir's operating efficiency is several times higher than that of native PHP code.

2. Install Zephir environment

In order to use Zephir, we need to install the following environment:

1. PHP environment (version: 5.4 or higher)
2. Zephir environment (for detailed installation process, please refer to the official document https://docs.zephir-lang.com/zh/latest/install.html)
3. C compiler and build tools, such as gcc, make, phpize, autoconf, automake, etc.

3. Writing Zephir extensions

We can write Zephir extensions through the following steps.

1. Create a directory named "zephir_extension" and use the Zephir extension generator to create a new extension:

zephir init zephir_extension

2. Open the "zephir_extension" directory and we can see the created Extended directory file tree:

├── config.json
├── ext
│   ├── config.m4
│   ├── config.w32
│   ├── php_zephir_extension.h
│   ├── phpext_zephir_extension.h
│   ├── zephir_extension.c
│   └── zephir_extension.php.h
├── README.md
├── src
│   ├── HelloWorld.zep
│   └── kernel
│       ├── variables.zep
│       └── warning.zep
├── tests
│   ├── bootstrap.php
│   ├── HelloWorldTest.php
│   └── phpunit.xml.dist
└── zephir.json

where config.json is the configuration file, the ext directory stores the source code generated after compilation, the src directory stores the Zephir code files we wrote, and the tests directory stores test files, zephir .json is the project manifest file.

3. Create a HelloWorld.zep file and add the following code:

namespace ZephirExtension;

class HelloWorld
{

    public function sayHello($name)
    {
        return "Hello " . $name . "!";
    }

}

This Zephir code creates a class named "HelloWorld" and defines a name inside The "sayHello" method is used to return a string.

4. Execute the following command in the project directory to compile and generate extensions:

zephir build

This command will compile all Zephir files in the src directory into C extension code and generate it in ext directory.

5. Modify the php.ini file and include the generated extension:

extension=zephir_extension.so

6. Execute the PHP code, then you can see that our HelloWorld extension takes effect Out:

<?php
print_r( (new ZephirExtensionHelloWorld())->sayHello('Zephir') );

Output:

Hello Zephir!

4. Optimize PHP code by extension

The Zephir language can be used in the framework or components of large PHP applications to Improve their performance. Below we will use an example to show how to use Zephir extension to optimize PHP code.

Suppose we have a PHP class that encapsulates some database access methods, and a database connection will be established when an object of this class is created. Among them, the query method is used to execute SQL statements and return the result array.

class Database {
    private $conn;

    function __construct($host, $username, $password, $db) {
        $this->conn = mysqli_connect($host, $username, $password, $db);
    }

    function query($sql) {
        $result = mysqli_query($this->conn, $sql);
        $rows = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result);
        mysqli_free_result($result);
        return $rows;
    }
}

Every time the query method is called, a database connection will be established, which will cause a lot of waste of resources and reduce the execution efficiency of the program. To solve this problem, we can use Zephir extensions to optimize the code.

We define a MyDatabase class that inherits from the Database class, then override the query method, and use the database connection as a static data member, so that the database connection can be shared between multiple objects. Moreover, because it is an extension compiled using Zephir, the calling efficiency of the method is much faster than the native PHP method:

namespace ZephirExtension;

class MyDatabase extends Database {

    protected static $conn;

    function __construct($host, $username, $password, $db) {
        parent::__construct($host, $username, $password, $db);
        self::$conn = mysqli_connect($host, $username, $password, $db);
    }

    function query($sql) {
        $result = mysqli_query(self::$conn, $sql);
        $rows = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result);
        mysqli_free_result($result);
        return $rows;
    }
}

Doing this can significantly improve the execution efficiency of the program, for example:

$db = new ZephirExtensionMyDatabase("localhost", "root", "", "test_db");
$rows = $db->query("SELECT * FROM user");
print_r($rows);
$rows = $db->query("SELECT * FROM post");
print_r($rows);

Each time the query method is executed, the database is no longer reconnected, but the existing database connection is used, which greatly improves the efficiency of database operations.

Summary:

Using Zephir caching technology to optimize PHP code can greatly improve the execution efficiency of the code. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Install Zephir environment
2. Writing Zephir extensions
3. Use Zephir extensions to rewrite PHP code

We hope that this article can help developers better understand the use of Zephir caching technology, and then optimize it in the project PHP code to improve application performance.

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