Code refactoring using Composer and PHP code quality standards

Over time, as the project continues to iterate and change, most software engineers will eventually feel that the code they write is in a messy state. These codes are difficult to read, maintain, test, and expand, which brings a lot of trouble to subsequent development.

Software development is an art and also involves a lot of science and technology. In the process of creating and maintaining a large code base, we need to find some feasible methods to maintain the readability and maintainability of the code. This article will introduce how to use Composer and PHP code quality standards to refactor code to solve the above problems.

What is Composer?

Composer is a package manager in PHP that uses JSON files for configuration and downloads dependencies from sources such as Packagist.

In the past, we might have used manual downloading of library code. However, this only creates more headaches for us as we need to manually keep track of dependencies and file locations. Composer is designed to solve this problem.

To use Composer, we only need to create a composer.json file in the project root directory, including the name and version of the library the project depends on:

{
    "require": {
        "vendor/library": "1.0.0"
    }
}

Use the "composer install" command, Automatically download all dependencies in the project.

Composer can load dependencies through a specific "autoload" mechanism, allowing us to use these libraries flexibly in our code.

Common Composer commands:

• composer install: Install all dependencies in the local environment;
• composer update: Update all dependencies;
• composer require: Add a dependent library to the project;
• composer remove: Delete a dependent library to the project.

Now that we have understood the basic usage of Composer, next, we will use PHP code quality standards to optimize our code.

What are PHP code quality standards?

Code quality standards are agreed-upon coding rules used to ensure that our code is easy to read, easy to understand, and easy to maintain.

For PHP developers, there are two commonly used code quality standards:

• PHP_CodeSniffer
• PHP-CS-Fixer

PHP_CodeSniffer analyzes code according to specific rules and then displays bad practices in the code. Before using PHP_CodeSniffer, we need to define a rule that conforms to our coding standards. These rules can be community rules or rules that you define yourself. You can view all available rules using the command "phpcs -i".

phpcs /path/to/my/code --standard=PSR2

PHPCS-Fixer is an automated code formatting tool that can automatically correct grammatical errors and formatting errors in code. PHP-CS-Fixer is an automated normalizer that can quickly fix syntax errors and formatting errors in your code. When you commit code, you can integrate PHP-CS-Fixer into your continuous integration service.

php-cs-fixer fix /path/to/my/code --rules=@Symfony --verbose

How to use Composer and PHP code quality standards for code refactoring?

Using Composer and PHP code quality standards for code refactoring in the project can make our code easier to maintain and expand.

Next, we will take a simple sample project as an example to demonstrate how to use Composer and PHP code quality standards for code refactoring.

First, create a new PHP project and use Composer to install the dependencies.

composer require predis/predis

Here we use Redis as our external data storage. Predis is a PHP client for Redis that can be easily installed using Composer.

require 'vendor/autoload.php';
$client = new PredisClient();

$key = 'foo';
$value = 'bar';
$client->set($key, $value);
echo $client->get($key); // 'bar'

In the above example code, we use Predis to connect to Redis, set the value of the 'foo' key to 'bar', and get the value of the key. However, this code will find some problems after parsing it with PHP_CodeSniffer.

Next, we will create and use a rule to check our code:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ruleset name="Project">
    <description>Custom rule set for Project</description>
    <rule ref="PSR2">
        <exclude name="PSR2.Classes.PropertyDeclaration"/>
        <exclude name="PSR2.Methods.FunctionCallSignature"/>
        <exclude name="PSR2.ControlStructures.ElseIfDeclaration"/>
        <exclude name="PSR2.ControlStructures.SwitchDeclaration"/>
        <exclude name="PSR2.ControlStructures.ControlStructureSpacing"/>
    </rule>
    <rule ref="Generic.CodeAnalysis.MissingFunctionDocComment"/>
    <rule ref="Generic.Arrays.DisallowLongArraySyntax">
        <properties>
            <property name="bracketSpacing" type="integer" value="1"/>
        </properties>
    </rule>
    <rule ref="Generic.Formatting.DisallowMultipleStatements"/>
    <rule ref="Generic.Functions.FunctionCallArgumentSpacing"/>
    <rule ref="Generic.Functions.FunctionCallSpace">
        <exclude-detection name="array"/>
        <exclude-detection name="parenthesis"/>
    </rule>
    <rule ref="Generic.Files.LineLength">
        <properties>
            <property name="lineLimit" type="integer" value="120"/>
            <property name="absoluteLineLimit" type="integer" value="120"/>
            <property name="ignoreComments" type="boolean" value="false"/>
        </properties>
    </rule>
</ruleset>

Once we have defined our rule, we can run PHP_CodeSniffer using the following command:

vendor/bin/phpcs ./src --standard=./phpcs.xml

This command will analyze all PHP code in the "src" directory and report irregular practices. Next, we will use PHP-CS-Fixer to automatically correct all problems.

vendor/bin/php-cs-fixer fix ./src

The above command will automatically fix all coding errors and formatting issues based on the rules we defined.

Now we run PHP_CodeSniffer and it will not report any problems.

We have completed the example of code refactoring using Composer and PHP code quality standards. We can automate this process by integrating PHP_CodeSniffer and PHP-CS-Fixer into our continuous integration system.

Conclusion

In this article, we learned how to use Composer and PHP code quality standards for code refactoring. These tools help us better organize our code and ensure it is of high quality and maintainable.

Although this article only touches on a few tools, there is a complete ecosystem that can help us automate code refactoring and testing. These tools enable us to deliver high-quality code faster while reducing errors and glitches.

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