Practical skills: Use Go language to build a highly available CDN system

To build a highly available CDN system, choosing the appropriate technology stack is very critical. In recent years, with the popularity of Go language, more and more developers choose to use Go language to build high-concurrency and high-reliability services. This article will introduce practical techniques for building a highly available CDN system using Go language.

1. Choose the appropriate framework
When using Go language to develop a CDN system, it is very important to choose the appropriate framework. Currently, the more mature Go language web frameworks include gin, beego, echo, etc., all of which provide good performance and scalability. When choosing a framework, you need to consider the following factors:

1. Performance: Choose a framework with better performance to ensure that the system has better response speed and processing capabilities.

2. Scalability: Choose a framework that is easy to expand to ensure that the system can quickly respond to business needs.

Here, we choose gin as the development framework. gin is a lightweight web framework with excellent performance and ease of use.

2. Use caching to improve performance
The core of the CDN system is the processing of static resources, and the processing of static resources is essentially the reading of files. To improve the performance of file access, we use caching to speed up file access. When a file is accessed, the cache is first queried. If the file exists in the cache, it is returned directly to the user. Otherwise, the corresponding file on the disk is queried and the file is cached in memory so that the cached data can be returned directly the next time the file is accessed. .

Go language provides a memory cache library that can quickly cache data into memory and improve the speed of data access. There are many choices for memory cache libraries, such as sync.Map, map, redis, etc. Here, we choose to use map to implement memory caching, because map has high performance and is relatively simple and easy to use.

3. Use asynchronous I/O to improve concurrency capabilities
The CDN system needs to handle a large number of requests at the same time, so concurrency capabilities are very important. Asynchronous I/O is an important way to improve concurrency capabilities. Go language inherently supports coroutines and asynchronous programming, which can easily solve high concurrency problems.

We can use Goroutine to implement asynchronous I/O so that the main thread will not be blocked when processing requests, thereby obtaining better concurrency performance. At the same time, when processing requests, we can also use channels to control the number of Goroutines to avoid too many coroutines occupying system resources.

4. Use load balancing to improve availability
The CDN system needs to have good availability and reliability. Therefore, the issue of load balancing should be considered during architecture design. The purpose of load balancing is to distribute requests to multiple servers in order to achieve load balancing, high availability, high reliability, etc.

Go language provides many load balancing solutions, such as DNS polling, hardware load balancing, reverse proxy, etc. Here, we choose to use a reverse proxy to achieve load balancing, because the reverse proxy can achieve load balancing and request forwarding, and has high scalability and fault tolerance.

5. Use monitoring and alarming to ensure stable operation of the system
The operation of the CDN system needs to be monitored in real time in order to handle faults in a timely manner. Commonly used monitoring and alarm systems include Prometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager, etc., which can monitor the CDN system in real time and issue alarms in a timely manner.

When using monitoring and alarming, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Monitoring indicators: You need to choose appropriate monitoring indicators, such as server load, request response time, traffic bandwidth, etc.

2. Monitoring frequency: The monitoring frequency needs to be set according to the actual situation. If it is too high or too low, it will affect the performance and accuracy of the system.

3. Alarm strategy: The alarm strategy needs to be set according to the actual situation, including alarm mode, alarm threshold, alarm receiver, etc.

Here, we choose to use Prometheus and Grafana to implement monitoring and alarm functions. Prometheus is an open source monitoring system and time series database that can monitor CDN systems in real time. Grafana is an open source data visualization and monitoring platform that provides dashboards and notification functions to facilitate users to understand the operation of the CDN system.

Summary:
This article introduces the practical skills of using Go language to build a highly available CDN system. When developing a CDN system, you need to choose an appropriate framework, use caching, use asynchronous I/O, use load balancing, and use monitoring and alarms to ensure high availability and reliability of the system. These techniques can help us implement a high-performance, highly scalable and highly available CDN system, improve user experience and reduce failure rates.

The above is the detailed content of Practical skills: Use Go language to build a highly available CDN system. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!