Hard drive and storage management guide in Linux systems

With the continuous development of computer technology, the types and capacities of storage devices are also constantly improving, providing a more convenient and efficient way for our work and life. In Linux systems, the management of hard disks and storage devices is also very important. This article will introduce you to the hard disk and storage management guide in Linux systems.

1. Basic knowledge of hard disk

As one of the most common storage devices in computers, hard disk needs to master the following basic concepts:

1. Partition: The hard disk can be divided into multiple different partitions, and each partition can be formatted, mounted, etc. independently.
2. Formatting: refers to the process of constructing hard disk space into a file system. Common formatting methods include ext4, ntfs, etc.
3. Mount: Mount the formatted hard disk partition to a mount point in the file system to facilitate read and write operations on the partition.

2. Viewing and managing hard disks

1. fdisk command

The fdisk command can view the partition table information of the hard disk and perform partition operations. The usage method is as follows:

fdisk -l: View the hard disk partition table information;
fdisk /dev/sda: Partition the hard disk.

2. mkfs command

The mkfs command can format the hard disk. It can be formatted into different file system formats using different parameters. Common ones are ext4, ntfs etc. The usage is as follows:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1: Format /dev/sda1 as an ext4 file system.

3. mount and umount commands

The mount command can mount the formatted hard disk partition to a mount point in the file system. The usage method is as follows:

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt: Mount /dev/sda1 to the /mnt directory.

The umount command can uninstall the mounted hard disk partition. The usage method is as follows:

umount /mnt: Unmount the hard disk partition mounted to the /mnt directory.

3. Application of RAID

RAID, or "Redundant Array of Independent Disks", is a technology that combines multiple physical hard disks into one logical hard disk. RAID technology can improve the performance, fault tolerance and reliability of hard drives. In Linux systems, we can use the mdadm command to configure and manage RAID. The commonly used RAID modes are as follows:

1. RAID 0: Stripe mode, splicing the space of multiple hard disks together to improve performance.
2. RAID 1: Mirror mode, data is saved on different hard drives to improve reliability and fault tolerance.
3. RAID 5: Distributed stripe mode, which improves data reliability and fault tolerance through data checksum.
4. RAID 6: Based on RAID 5, adding double data checksum to improve fault tolerance.

4. Application of LVM

LVM, namely "Logical Volume Manager", is a logical volume manager that combines multiple physical hard disks into one or more logical volumes. Volume technology. LVM technology can improve the utilization of hard disk storage and make hard disk allocation more flexible and convenient. In Linux systems, we can use pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate and other commands to configure and manage LVM.

1. pvcreate command: used to specify a physical device partition as a physical volume.
2. vgcreate command: used to merge multiple physical volumes into a volume group.
3. lvcreate command: used to create logical volumes on volume groups.
4. lvextend command: used to extend the size of a logical volume.

Summary:

In Linux systems, effective management of hard drives and storage devices can improve system performance and reliability. In daily use, we can use fdisk, mkfs, mount, umount and other commands to manage the hard disk; we can use RAID technology to improve the performance and fault tolerance of the hard disk; we can use LVM technology to improve the storage utilization of the hard disk. The above guide can help you better understand hard disk and storage device management in Linux systems, so as to perform storage management work more efficiently.

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