Introduction and practice of Java-based web development

With the rapid development of the Internet, Web development has become an increasingly important field. As a relatively mature programming language, Java also plays an important role in the field of Web development. This article aims to introduce Java-based Web development, including introductory knowledge and practical experience, and combines it with example code to allow readers to better understand this field.

1. Basic Concepts of Web Development

Before introducing Java-based Web development, let us first understand some basic concepts of Web development. Web development usually involves two main aspects: client side and server side. The client part includes front-end development technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which are responsible for displaying web pages and processing user interactions; the server-side part involves back-end development technologies, and is mainly responsible for processing requests sent by the client, obtaining data, and returning results. Web applications are an organic combination of client and server, and their main features are cross-platform and distributed.

2. Basic knowledge of Java Web development

1. Java Web framework

The Java Web framework is a software framework used for Web application development. The main purpose is to simplify the development process of web applications and improve code reusability. Java Web frameworks usually include the following components: view templates, controllers, models, data persistence modules, etc. Among them, the view template is responsible for rendering the page; the controller processes the request and determines the response content; the model is mainly responsible for data operations; the data persistence module is used to implement data persistence. Common Java Web frameworks include Struts, Spring, JSF, Play, etc.

2. Servlet

Java Servlet is a Java program running on the Web server. Its main function is to process HTTP requests sent by the client and return corresponding data, such as HTML Pages, XML data, etc. Servlet can be regarded as a basic component of Java Web applications. It adopts object-oriented programming and handles requests by overloading some life cycle methods, such as init(), service(), destroy() methods, etc. Servlet also provides session management, cookie processing and other functions, and is an indispensable part of Web applications.

3. JSP

Java Server Pages (JSP for short) is also a Java Web development technology. Its main function is to embed Java code in HTML pages. The difference between JSP and Servlet is that JSP uses an HTML-like markup language to write pages, and developers can embed Java code in it to dynamically generate HTML pages. In JSP, more flexible page display and data manipulation can be achieved by using EL expressions and JSTL tag library.

3. Practical experience in Java Web development

1. Application of MVC pattern

MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a common application Architectural pattern that nicely separates an application into three main parts: Model, View, and Controller. Among them, the model is responsible for managing data, the view is responsible for page display, and the controller is responsible for processing requests and generating responses. Adopting the MVC pattern can help developers better organize code, reduce code coupling, and improve code reusability.

2. Use of database connection pool

In the Java Web development process, database connection is a very important component. In order to improve database access efficiency and resource utilization, developers can use database connection pool technology. Database connection pool is a technology that caches connections from database connections to applications. It saves unnecessary database connection and disconnection operations and reduces the cost of database access. Common Java database connection pools include C3P0, DBCP, HikariCP, etc.

3. Use of custom tag library

In Java Web development, the JSTL tag library provides a large number of commonly used tags and functions, simplifying the page development process. But sometimes we need to customize some specific tags to meet the specific needs of the application. At this time, we can use a custom tag library to achieve this. The essence of a custom tag library is a Java class that defines tags by implementing the javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.Tag interface or its sub-interface. Developers can customize tag libraries to process and display specific data.

Conclusion:

The above is a summary of the introduction and practical experience of Java-based Web development in this article. As the Internet continues to develop, Java Web development technology will become more and more important. If you want to develop in the field of Java Web development, the above knowledge and experience will be your best choice.

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