PHP implements open source Kafka Stream real-time data processing

Kafka Stream, as a stream computing engine, can quickly process real-time data and provide out-of-the-box distributed processing capabilities. As a popular development language, PHP can also use its good language features and extension libraries to implement Kafka Stream data processing.

This article will introduce how to use PHP to develop real-time data processing of Kafka Stream, and use an example to demonstrate how to use PHP to analyze real-time data generated by the observer mode.

1. Introduction to Kafka Stream

Kafka Stream is a fast and stable stream computing engine that can reliably process real-time data and provide out-of-the-box distributed processing power. Kafka Stream is an efficient and flexible data processing method by consuming messages in Kafka topics, sending them to the application for processing, and then sending the processed results back to the Kafka topic.

2. Integration of PHP and Kafka Stream

In PHP, through the Kafka-PHP library officially provided by Kafka Stream, we can easily integrate PHP applications with Kafka Stream To integrate. The following are the Kafka Stream versions supported by the Kafka-PHP library:

• Kafka 0.10.x
• Kafka 0.11.x
• Kafka 1.0.x
• Kafka 1.1 .x
• Kafka 2.0.x
• Kafka 2.1.x
• Kafka 2.2.x

The Kafka-PHP library provides the following core functionality:

• Producer: Provides the ability to produce Kafka messages and send them to a specified topic.
• Consumer: Provides the ability to consume Kafka messages and supports automatic submission and manual submission.
• Manager: Provides the ability to create and delete Kafka topics and partitions.

In addition, the Kafka-PHP library also provides support for PHP's Swoole extension. The performance of PHP applications can be further improved by using the Swoole extension.

3. Observer Pattern

The Observer pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines a one-to-many dependency relationship between objects. When an object When its state changes, all objects that depend on it are notified and automatically updated. The observer pattern is widely used in event monitoring, UI programming and other fields, and can achieve efficient message delivery and processing.

4. Implement Kafka Stream's observer mode data processing

The following will use a sample code to demonstrate how to use PHP to develop real-time data processing of Kafka Stream and apply observers mode for data analysis.

4.1 Implementing Kafka producer

First, we need to create a producer to send messages to the Kafka topic. The following is a simple Kafka producer sample code:

<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use RdKafkaConf;
use RdKafkaProducer;
use RdKafkaProducerTopic;

$conf = new Conf();
$conf->set('metadata.broker.list', 'kafka:9092');
$producer = new Producer($conf);
$topic = $producer->newTopic('topic1');
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
    $topic->produce(RD_KAFKA_PARTITION_UA, 0, "Message $i");
}
?>

In the above code, we use the Producer class provided by the RdKafka extension library to implement the Kafka producer and send messages to Kafka named 'topic1' in topic. When implementing the Kafka producer, we need to pay attention to setting up the connection configuration of the Kafka cluster to ensure that the Kafka cluster can be connected correctly.

4.2 Implementing Kafka consumer

Next, we need to create a Kafka consumer to consume data from the Kafka topic. The following is a simple Kafka consumer sample code:

<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use RdKafkaConf;
use RdKafkaConsumer;
use RdKafkaTopicPartition;

$conf = new Conf();
$conf->set('metadata.broker.list', 'kafka:9092');
$consumer = new Consumer($conf);
$consumer->addBrokers('kafka:9092');
$topic = $consumer->newTopic('topic1');
$topic->consumeStart(0, RD_KAFKA_OFFSET_STORED);

while (true) {
    $message = $topic->consume(0, 1000);
    if ($message === null) {
        continue;
    }
    if ($message->err === RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR) {
        echo "Received message: {$message->payload}
";
    }
}

$consumer->close();
?>

In the above code, we use the Consumer class provided by the RdKafka extension library to implement the Kafka consumer, consuming from the Kafka topic named 'topic1' data and print the data to the console. Note that when implementing a Kafka consumer, we need to set the consumption topic and the offset to start consumption.

4.3 Implementing the Observer Pattern

We can now consume data from the Kafka topic, but how to use the observer pattern to analyze the data? The following is a simple observer pattern sample code:

<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use SplObserver;
use SplSubject;

class Producer implements SplSubject
{
    private array $observers = [];

    public function attach(SplObserver $observer):void
    {
        array_push($this->observers, $observer);
    }

    public function detach(SplObserver $observer):void
    {
        if (($key = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) !== false) {
            array_splice($this->observers, $key, 1);
        }
    }

    public function notify():void
    {
        foreach ($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($this);
        }
    }

    public function produce(string $message):void
    {
        echo "Producing message: {$message}
";
        $this->notify();
    }
}

class Consumer implements SplObserver
{
    public function update(SplSubject $subject):void
    {
        echo "Consuming message: {$subject}
";
    }
}

$producer = new Producer();
$producer->attach(new Consumer());
$producer->produce('Message 1');
?>

In the above code, we define a main class named Producer, implement the SplSubject interface, and provide the observer management methods attach, detach, notify and produce. We also defined an observer class named Consumer, implemented the SplObserver interface, and provided the update method for processing messages. Finally, we created a Producer instance and attached a Consumer instance as an observer, executed the produce method once, and triggered the Consumer's update method.

4.4 Implement Kafka Stream’s observer mode data processing

Finally, we combine the codes in the previous three steps to implement Kafka Stream’s observer mode data processing. The following is a simple Kafka Stream data processing sample code:

<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use RdKafkaConf;
use RdKafkaConsumer;
use RdKafkaProducer;
use RdKafkaTopicPartition;
use SplSubject;
use SplObserver;

class KafkaStream implements SplSubject
{
    private array $observers;
    private Conf $conf;
    private Producer $producer;
    private Consumer $consumer;

    public function __construct(string $bootstrap_servers)
    {
        $this->conf = new Conf();
        $this->conf->set('metadata.broker.list', $bootstrap_servers);
        $this->producer = new Producer($this->conf);
        $this->consumer = new Consumer($this->conf);
        $this->observers = [];
    }

    public function attach(SplObserver $observer):void
    {
        array_push($this->observers, $observer);
    }

    public function detach(SplObserver $observer):void
    {
        if (($key = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) !== false) {
            array_splice($this->observers, $key, 1);
        }
    }

    public function notify():void
    {
        foreach ($this->observers as $observer) {
            $observer->update($this);
        }
    }

    public function produce(string $message, string $topic):void
    {
        echo "Producing message: {$message}
";
        $this->producer->newTopic($topic)->produce(RD_KAFKA_PARTITION_UA, 0, $message);
        $this->notify();
    }

    public function consume(string $topic):void
    {
        $topic_partition = new TopicPartition($topic, 0);
        $this->consumer->assign([$topic_partition]);
        $this->consumer->seek($topic_partition, 0);

        while (true) {
            $message = $this->consumer->consume(0, 1000);
            if ($message === null) {
                continue;
            }
            if ($message->err !== RD_KAFKA_RESP_ERR_NO_ERROR) {
                echo "Error: {$message->errstr()}, exiting.
";
                break;
            }
            echo "Consuming message: {$message->payload}
";
        }

        $this->consumer->close();
    }
}

class Consumer implements SplObserver
{
    public function update(SplSubject $subject):void
    {
        echo "Processing message: {$subject}
";
    }
}

$bootstrap_servers = 'kafka:9092';
$kafka_stream = new KafkaStream($bootstrap_servers);
$kafka_stream->attach(new Consumer());
$kafka_stream->produce('Message 1', 'topic1');
$kafka_stream->consume('topic1');
?>

In the above code, we define a class named KafkaStream, implement the SplSubject interface, and provide the Kafka Stream processing core methods produce and consume , as well as the observer management methods attach, detach, and notify. We also defined an observer class named Consumer, implemented the SplObserver interface, and provided the update method for processing messages. Finally, we create a KafkaStream instance and attach a Consumer instance as an observer, execute the produce method once to produce a message, and consume and process the message in the consume method.

5. Summary

This article introduces how to use PHP to develop real-time data processing of Kafka Stream, and demonstrates how to use the observer pattern to analyze real-time data. Kafka Stream and the Observer pattern are a powerful combination of tools that can help us quickly process large-scale real-time data and achieve efficient message delivery and processing.

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