Python server programming: extended testing with django-test-plus

Python is a high-level programming language that is widely used in various fields, such as website development, data science, machine learning, etc. Among them, website development is one of the important application areas of Python. In Python, there are many web frameworks that can be used to develop web applications, among which Django is the most popular one.

Django is an efficient and easy-to-use web framework that provides many features and tools to quickly build web applications. One of them is Django-Test-Plus, an extended testing tool for Django applications that makes it easier for developers to write and manage tests. In this article, we will introduce how to use Django-Test-Plus for extended testing to help us better develop Python and Django applications.

1. What is Django-Test-Plus?

Django-Test-Plus is an extended testing tool for Django applications. It provides many useful features and tools to help developers write and manage tests more easily. Some key features include:

1. Populate forms with multiple selection fields
2. Add forms to nested formsets and test them
3. Shortcuts to generate test data
4. Support testing multi-language translation templates
5. Time and date database separation test support
6. Support TestClient and LiveServerTestCase test companion
7. Support JSON API testing
8. Provides some other useful test auxiliary functions

2. How to start?

Before using Django-Test-Plus for extended testing, we need to install it first. It can be installed in the command line by running the following command:

pip install django-test-plus

Once the installation is complete, we can add it to the INSTALLED_APPS setting of our Django project as follows:

# settings.py 

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 我们的其他应用程序
    # ...
    'test_plus',
]

Now we You're ready to start testing extensions with Django-Test-Plus.

3. How to use Django-Test-Plus?

Below, we will introduce how to use some functions in Django-Test-Plus to write test code.

1. Fill the form using multiple selection fields

During the testing process, we need to test whether the validation of the form is correct. Django-Test-Plus provides a convenient way to test forms with multiple select fields. For example, let's say we have a form called "ExampleForm" in our application, which has a MultiChoiceField called "colors" that contains color options (red, green, and blue). Using Django-Test-Plus, we can populate the form via:

from django import forms

class ExampleForm(forms.Form):
    colors = forms.MultipleChoiceField(choices=[
        ('red', '红色'),
        ('green', '绿色'),
        ('blue', '蓝色'),
    ])

class ExampleFormTest(TestCase):
    def test_form_valid(self):
        form_data = {
            'colors': ['red', 'green'],
            # 添加其他表单字段
            # ...
        }
        form = ExampleForm(data=form_data)
        self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())

Note that we can populate the form by simply passing the data from the MultiChoiceField to the form. This can make test code cleaner and reduce the amount of duplicate code.

2. Add forms to nested formsets and test them

In Django, you can use nested formsets to collect and process complex form data. During testing, we need to test whether these forms are validated and processed correctly. Using Django-Test-Plus we can easily add forms to nested formsets and test their validation and processing. For example, let's say we have a main form called "ParentForm" in our application, which has an InlineFormSet called "children". In this example, we will add a child form called "ChildForm" which will be associated with the parent form. Using Django-Test-Plus, we can add forms to nested formsets via:

from django.forms import inlineformset_factory

class ChildForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField()
    age = forms.IntegerField()

class ParentForm(forms.Form):
    #添加其他表单字段
    #...
    children = inlineformset_factory(
        Parent, Child, form=ChildForm,
        fields=['name', 'age'],
        extra=1,
    )

class ParentFormTest(TestCase):
    def test_form_valid(self):
        form_data = {
            #添加主表单数据
            #...
            'children-TOTAL_FORMS': '1',
            'children-INITIAL_FORMS': '0',
            'children-0-name': 'Alice',
            'children-0-age': '12',
        }
        form = ParentForm(data=form_data)
        self.assertTrue(form.is_valid())

By adding forms to nested formsets, we can more easily test applications with complex form data.

3. Shortcut to generate test data

During the testing process, we need to generate test data frequently. Using Django-Test-Plus, we can use quick generators to generate test data. For example, let's say we have a model called "ExampleModel" which has a CharField called "name". We can use the quick generator in Django-Test-Plus to generate test data:

from test_plus import TestCase

from myapp.models import ExampleModel

class ExampleModelTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.example = self.make(ExampleModel, name='example')

    def test_model(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.example.name, 'example')

Note that we use the make method to generate the sample model object and pass the name value to it. This makes it easier to generate test data, resulting in cleaner test code.

4. Support testing multi-language translation templates

In Django, you can use multi-language translation templates to support multiple languages. During the testing process, we need to test whether the multi-language translation template is correct. Using Django-Test-Plus we can easily test multi-language translation templates. For example, let's say we have a translated template in our application that contains a string named "example". We can use Django-Test-Plus to test whether it has been translated correctly:

from django.test import override_settings

class ExampleTemplateTest(TestCase):
    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='en')
    def test_example_template_en(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('example'))
        self.assertContains(response, 'example')

    @override_settings(LANGUAGE_CODE='zh_cn')
    def test_example_template_zh_cn(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse('example'))
        self.assertContains(response, '例子')

Note that during testing we use override_settings to modify the language code and switch between the two languages. This allows us to test multilingual translation templates more freely.

5. 支持TestClient和LiveServerTestCase的测试伴侣

在Django中，可以使用TestClient和LiveServerTestCase来测试Web应用程序。Django-Test-Plus提供了与这些测试工具一起使用的测试伴侣，以使测试更轻松。例如，假设我们有一个名为“ExampleView”的视图，我们想测试它是否正确或者如何处理HTTP GET请求。我们可以使用Django-Test-Plus中的测试伴侣来测试：

from test_plus import APITestCase

from myapp.views import ExampleView

class ExampleViewTest(APITestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.view = ExampleView.as_view()

    def test_view(self):
        response = self.get('myapp:example')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

通过使用测试伴侣，我们可以更方便地使用TestClient和LiveServerTestCase来测试Web应用程序。

6. 支持JSON API测试

在Django中，可以使用Django Rest Framework（DRF）来构建JSON API。在测试过程中，我们需要测试这些API的验证和处理。使用Django-Test-Plus，我们可以轻松地测试JSON API。例如，假设我们有一个名为“ExampleAPIView”的视图，它使用DRF构建了JSON API。我们可以使用Django-Test-Plus来测试它是否正确或者如何处理HTTP GET请求：

from test_plus import APITestCase

from myapp.views import ExampleAPIView

class ExampleAPIViewTest(APITestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.view = ExampleAPIView.as_view()

    def test_view(self):
        response = self.get('myapp:example_api')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

通过使用Django-Test-Plus，我们可以更轻松地使用DRF测试JSON API，并使测试代码更加简洁。

7. 提供了一些其他有用的测试辅助函数

除了上述功能外，Django-Test-Plus还提供了许多其他有用的测试辅助函数。如下所示：

1. assert_contains：断言响应包含指定的内容
2. assert_not_contains：断言响应不包含指定内容
3. assert_redirects：断言响应为重定向
4. assert_template_used：断言视图使用了指定的模板
5. assert_form_error：测试表单验证错误
6. assert_messages_contains：测试消息中包含指定内容
7. assert_messages_not_contains：测试消息中不包含指定内容
8. assert_select_related：测试查询结果中是否使用了select_related

通过使用这些其他有用的测试辅助函数，我们可以更轻松地编写测试代码，并使测试代码更加简洁。

四、总结

在本文中，我们介绍了Django-Test-Plus，它是一个用于Django应用程序的扩展测试工具。我们详细介绍了它的功能和用法，并给出了一些示例代码。通过使用Django-Test-Plus，我们可以更轻松地编写和管理测试，并使测试代码更加简洁。如果您正在开发Python和Django应用程序，并想要更好地进行测试，那么我建议您尝试使用Django-Test-Plus。

The above is the detailed content of Python server programming: extended testing with django-test-plus. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!